【作者】 吴海燕；

【导师】 邓德祥；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 玉米是我国主要农作物之一,但长期以来,玉米种质资源贫乏是我国玉米育种的突出问题,尤其是畜牧业的快速发展,更突显了饲料玉米种质的欠缺,所以有必要补充新的种质,扩大种质资源的利用。玉米多叶材料是从美国引进的一种新型种质,其特点是:穗上叶片数多,一般可达8～25叶,叶片上冲,植株高大,茎杆粗壮,根系发达。为了更好地将这一种质资源利用于饲用玉米的育种工作,有必要对多叶性状的遗传作进一步研究。本研究以穗上叶片数为14叶的纯系Y53（14L）×穗上叶片数为4叶的纯系Y53（4L）的F₂分离群体为材料,对多叶性状的遗传规律、多叶性状与生育期的相关性、多叶性状基因的初步定位等进行了研究,主要结果如下:1.对穗上叶片数在F₂群体中的分布作多叶材料由于穗上叶多达20几叶,有着普通玉米所不具备的特点。遗传分析,结果表明:玉米多叶性状是数量性状,不是由单个基因控制,也不是由完全等效的多个微效基因共同作用形成的,而是由主效基因和微效基因控制的。2.由F₂群体穗上叶片数与生育期的田间调查结果表明:玉米的抽穗期、抽丝期、散粉期与穗上叶片数的变化分别都呈极显著线性相关,r分别为0.8465**、0.8911**、0.8595**。3.用125对SSR引物对亲本进行扩增,结果表明:在两亲本之间,有32对引物表现明显而稳定的多态性,散布于10个连锁群上,多态性频率为25.6%。4.分别用亲本间有多态性的32对SSR引物对F₂分离群体的192个单株进行扩增,并对扩增结果进行连锁分析,表明:与多叶基因连锁的有11个SSR位点。分别位于染色体1、3、4、5、6、7、10上。该11个位点能解释多叶性状变异为70.04%。其中位于第10染色体的p-umc1084位点对多叶性状的变异贡献率最大,为27.56%;其次位于第6染色体的p-umc1160位点对多叶性状的变异贡献率为17.2%;而位点p-umc1935对多叶性状的变异贡献率仅为0. 0545%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Maize is one of the main crops,which plays an important role in the national economic development . For a long time,lacking of germplasm resources was the leading problem of the maize breeding in our country .The rapid development of livestock has a big demand on embodied germplasrns of forage maize,which was deficient especially,so it is necessary to add new germplasrm and expand use of germplasm resources.Leafy maize material is a new-type of germplasm derived from U.S.A,leafy maize had 8-25 leaves above the ear, better stalk strength , much taller plant height and more flourishing root than non-leafy maize,their stalk、vas stalwart,their resistance was strong synthetically . In order to uses well this idioplasm resources, it is necessary to study further heredity of leafy trait.F₂ population and two parents inbred lines Y53 with 4L and 14L above ear were used. The heredity rule of the leafy trait, relevance of the leafy trait and the growth duration and the molecular marker of leafy trait was investigated in the study. The results as follows:1. The heredity analysis was made about the leafy number above the ear by the F₂ population distribution. The result indicated that the leafy trait was the quantity character. The leafy trait was controlled by major genes and minor genes, it was not by the single gene, also was not together by the completely equivalent minor genes .2. The field investigation of the leafy number above the ear and the growth duration indicated: the correlation of the earing period and change of the leafy number above the ear, the wiredrawing time and change of the leafy number above the ear, disperse the powder time and change of the leafy number above the ear all were the extremely significant linear. R was 0.8465**, 0.8911**, 0.8595** respectively.3. Among 125 SSR primer pairs, 32 amplify polymorphism between two parents , distributed in 10 linkages were abserved the rate of polymorphism was 25.6%.Eleven SSR markers on the chromosomes 1,3,4,5,6,7 and 10 ,respectively were detected,explening 0.0545-27.56% of phenotypic variance.更多还原