【作者】 刘腾飞；

【导师】 黄庆享；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 浅埋煤层十多年来开采实践和理论研究表明，地表厚松散层富含丰富潜水，浅埋煤层开采造成潜水流失严重，同时也可能对煤矿生产构成灾害。对于矿井涌水溃沙的灾害防治工作许多学者已经进行了大量研究，然而对潜水水位下降流失的机理研究及其所引起的矿区荒漠化等环境负效应研究较少。本文以现场地质评价为基础，研究开发了针对柔性隔水粘土层的物理相似模拟实验材料，通过一般物理相似模拟和两相仿真相似模拟实验、理论分析和数值模拟等相结合的方法，以导师承担的国家自然科学基金项目“浅埋煤层地表隔水层的采动隔水性研究”以及教育部科学技术研究项目“厚沙土层下浅埋煤层开采的地表水土流失机理研究”为依托，对浅埋煤层长壁开采上赋基岩及隔水层的破坏规律等问题进行了深入研究。在本论文中，初步研制了在一般物理相似模拟实验中和两相物理相似模拟实验中针对柔性岩层(例如隔水粘土层)的相似模拟材料及相关配比规律，实现了实验室模拟岩土工程中柔性岩层相似模拟；通过物理相似模拟实验，验证了相似实验材料及配比选取的正确性、实验结论的可靠性，分析了浅埋煤层长壁开采下顶板导水裂缝的分布和发展规律，并将上赋岩层根据裂缝分布分为了“三带”：导水裂缝带、下行裂缝带及弯曲下沉带，确定了基岩破断运动是影响隔水层破坏的关键因素。两相仿真相似模拟实验同时也给出了在采动过程中潜水流失过程，在两相相似模拟实验研究方面迈进了一步。通过理论分析，掌握了导水裂缝发展高度，确定了开采过程中潜水流失的影响因素，同时指出三趾马亚粘土层的采动稳定性是榆神矿区实施潜水保护的关键。最终，本论文以我国陕北榆树湾井田为地质原型进行了数值分析以及工程实例研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Practice and theory study in shallow seam indicate that the rich diving drains seriously which exists in thick sand layers,and it could be a danger to the production of coal mining if the the water and sand fluid into face. The study on bursting disaster has carried a lot, but research about the mechanism of diving draining andthe contrary environment effect carried seldom. In this paper, new experimental material is developmented in view of the flexible clay aquiclude based on field testing.On the basis of my supervisor & professor Huang Qingxiang’s item sponsored by natural science education fund of country(Study on the Character of Surface Aquiclude in Shallow Seam)and also the item sponsored by ministry of education of shaanxi province(Study on the Mechanism of Diving Draining in Shallow Seam Mining Covered with Thick Sand Layers),the aquiclude’s broking law of longwall mining in shallow seam has been studied in details through physical simulation experiment and solid-liquid coupling experiment with methods as following: analysis and numerical simulation.The developmentation of new material in physical simulation experiment and its allocated proportion rules realied the simulation of field project about the flexible rock layers.And through experimrnts,the material and the rouls are confirmed correct and reliable.Also the development distribution law of leading cracks is found,in which that the whole stratum has been divided into three parts,when the key factors that influence aquiclude’s broking are confirmed.At the same time, the liquid-solid coupling experiment acted the procession of diving draining,which makes a progress on subject of physical simulation experimental reseach.The clay aquiclude is confirmed to be the key factor which determines if the diving drains by analysis of theory and the leading crack’s highth.At last,the conslusions are confirmed by numerical simulation and fieled reseach on Yushuan Coal Mine.更多还原