【作者】 田娟荣；

【导师】 周孝清；

【作者基本信息】 广州大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要结合问卷调查、录像观测和数值模拟等手段，对地铁火灾人员疏散的行为及危险性进行了研究。 首次在地铁中对乘客做了问卷调查，对回收到的263份问卷的个人信息、环境信息、火灾行为反应信息等进行了频率分布统计。分析了不同性别、不同年龄、不同受教育程度、不同乘坐地铁频率及不同火灾经验的调查对象的第一行为反应。同时，统计发现，有一半以上的乘客对地铁中的消防设施是非常陌生的，并且受个人信息的影响。在此基础上，将本研究进行的调查结果与国内其它建筑灾后调查的结果进行了比较，结果基本一致。 在广州地铁公司的协作下，首次对广州地铁公园前站四个出口的乘客状况进行了录像。所有出口的录像机拍摄到的清晰的乘客数目共计16056人。通过对地铁每个出口的录像带进行分析，获得了乘客的基本特征数据，如性别、年龄、是否有人陪同、行动能力、行动状态、鞋子的状况以及是否携带行李等，为人员疏散的模拟提供了数据支持。通过比较发现，工作日与周末的乘客特征略有差异；录像数据与调查数据基本一致。 采用精细网格法建立了地铁人员疏散的模型，应用问卷及录像获得的数据对地铁人员疏散的行为进行了模拟，并且详细分析了出口条件及自动检票闸机对人员疏散的影响，获得了不同人员荷载下的必需安全疏散时间。利用PHOENICS软件建立了地铁站台的数学物理模型，分别模拟计算了列车中部起火和头部起火两种情况下烟气层高度、温度及浓度的变化，并且与火灾达到危险状态的判据进行比较，从而确定了可用人员安全疏散时间。在此基础上根据人员安全疏散准则，对地铁人员疏散的危险性进行了分析，探讨了确保人员安全疏散的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on some means of research, such as questionnaire investigation, observation of videoing, numerical simulations etc, this paper makes some research on human behavior in metro fire and risk analysis.Questionnaire surveys to passengers in metro have been first performed. 263 questionnaires were collected. Frequency distribution statistics was conducted about their personal information, environmental information and human behavior information in fire. Analysis has been done on the human behavior of the investigated persons in metro with different ages, different gender, different educated level, different frequency to take metro, different fire experiences. At the same time, statistic shows that more than half of passengers are unacquainted completely with the fire protection establishments in metro, which are mainly affected by their personal information. On the basis on that, the author made a comparison between results of this research and ones of other researches for buildings fires in domestic, and gained a coincident result.Under the cooperation of Guangzhou metro company, observation of videoing at the passenger distribution has been first performed at four metro exits in Gong Yuan Qian station, which totally deals with 16056 persons with their clear picture. After analyzing the video, obtains the basic characteristic parameters of passengers, such as gender, age, single or companion, action capacity, action condition, shoes conditions and taking luggage conditions, which provided the data for simulation of passenger evaluation. After comparison it shows that there are a slightly different in passenger characteristics between workday and weekend and that the video data and surveyed one are coincident.The evacuating model of metro station is set up with tiny grid. Human behavior has been simulated with the data from both questionnaire and video. Analysis has been done on the impacts of exit condition and automatic checking-gate on passenger evacuation. Then the required safe evacuation time with different loads of passengers is obtained. Physical model and mathematical model for simulating smoke movement of subway fire were set up. When fire happen in the middle or in the head of the subway separately, the temperature field and the concentration field of smoke in subway are simulated based on practical examples by use of PHOENICS. After a更多还原