【作者】 林昌华；

【导师】 唐树梅； 白由路；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着我国外向型经济的发展,上海的蔬菜产业也对外不断地蓬勃发展起来。目前,大葱、甘蓝已经成为上海地区蔬菜出口的主要品种,但由于种植管理粗放,产量不高,品质不优,极大地限制了大葱和甘蓝的出口。为了探讨氮、磷、钾肥对当地大葱和甘蓝的产量及主要商品性状影响,为大葱、甘蓝的精准施肥工作提供必要的理论依据,本文通过对上海地区主要出口的大葱和甘蓝品种进行田间试验,研究了大葱和甘蓝整个生育期对氮、磷、钾的吸收规律,运用三元二次饱和D—最优试验设计研究氮、磷、钾肥对大葱和甘蓝产量及其主要商品性状的影响。其结果如下:1、大葱苗期,葱白生长初期,氮磷钾养分的吸收量分别占总量6.51%、7.26%、8.08%;进入葱白旺长期后对氮磷钾的吸收开始明显增多,氮磷钾的吸收量分别占总量的64.33%、75.20%、58.75%;葱白充实后期,对氮磷钾的吸收仍比较多,分别占总量的19.16%、12.24%、25.51%。2、大葱整个生育期吸收的养分K>N>P,N:P:K为1:0.14:1.27,每生产100kg大葱需要吸收N3.42kg,P₂O₅0.48 kg,K₂O4.33 kg。3、氮肥对大葱产量的影响最大,磷钾的差异不大。氮磷钾肥在较低水平时,大葱产量均随该施肥量的增大而增加,超过最佳水平后,则开始下降。大葱产量最高的农艺方案是施N394.08kg/hm²、P₂O₅193.62 kg/hm²、K₂O225.00kg/hm²,此时的产量为55805.06kg/hm²。4、大葱最佳经济施肥效益分析,氮磷钾的最佳经济施肥水平是:N,P₂O₅,K₂O分别为391.35kg/hm²,192.97kg/hm²,225.00kg/hm²,可获得最大的经济收入,即N,P2O,K₂O肥料投入分别为1361.89元/hm²,642.59元/hm²,636.75元/hm²,大葱产量为55802.74kg/hm²,产值为139506.8元/hm²,施肥利润为136865.6元/hm²。5、氮肥对大葱的葱白直径影响最大,其次是钾肥,磷肥对葱白直径的影响最小。大葱葱白直径极大值的农艺方案是施N350.63 kg/hm²、P₂O₅157.50 kg/hm²、K₂O225.00 kg/hm²,此时的葱白直径为1.769cm。6、氮肥对大葱株高的影响最大,其次是钾肥,磷肥对株高的影响最小。大葱株更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, vegetable industry is developing swiftly in Shanghai during the export economic developing. Now, welsh-onion and cabbage has become the main kinds there. Because of the rough planted and management, the yield is very low and the quality bad, which has limited the export. In this paper, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to welsh-onion and cabbage was studied. By doing test in welsh-onion and cabbage farms, the subject base was provided for precisions fertilized. The regulation of absorption nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studies on welsh-onion and cabbage growing periods. The three factor square saturation D-optimum experiment design was used in the paper to study the effect on merchandise properties of these two vegetables. The results were following:1. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption ratios of seeding stage of welsh-onion and were 6.51%, 7.26% and 8.08% on welsh-onion. Then they would be increasing after growing fast period. The ratios at that time were 64.33%, 75.20% and 58.75%. On the late full period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was still much, the ratios is 19.16%,12.24% and 25.51%.2. The nutrients absorption of whole growing periods on welsh-onion was K>N>P,and the N:P:K was 1:0.14:1.27. That means the plants should be absorbed N3.42kg,P₂O₅0.48 kg,K₂O4.33 kg for 100kg yield.3. On these three elements, the effect of nitrogen was the most on welsh-onion, and the difference between phosphorus and potassium was small. When the contents of them were on low level, the yield would increase after the increasing of fertilizers. When the contents were over the fittest level, the yield would study decreasing. The most suitable fertilized for yielding welsh-onion was N394.08kg/hm², P₂O₅193.62 kg/hm², K₂O225.00kg/hm². At that moment, the yield was 55805.06 kg/hm².4. According to the analysis of economic benefit for fertilizing on welsh-onion, the most economic benefits of fertilizing N, P₂O₅, K₂O were 391.35kg/hm²,192.97kg/hm²,225.00kg/hm². That means when it was put N into the earth about 1361.89Y/hm²,更多还原