【作者】 陈波浪；

【导师】 盛建东； 蒋平安；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以新陆早13和中棉36两个棉花品种为材料,通过水培试验探讨了营养液中不同P、K浓度对水培棉花生长发育以及生理特性影响。研究结果如下:1.本试验采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),以流动相乙腈:水=40:60、流速1ml·min-1、检测波长254nm和外标法定量为色谱条件,能够快速分离和定量测定棉花中三种内源激素的含量。2.与对照相比,适当提高营养液中P和K的浓度,能明显促进棉花生长,其株高、叶面积均增高、增大,真叶出现时期加快,真叶数增多;在本试验条件下,棉花株高的生长呈“S”形曲线生长即初期慢,中期快,后期又慢,直至稳定生长。3.营养液中P浓度的增加,能显著促进棉花根系的生长,与对照相比,根体积、根总面积、比面积和根系活力明显增大、增强。充足的K营养也促进了棉花根系的发育,提高了根系活力、根系总吸收面积及活跃吸收面积,但品种的不同,其表现也不同,新陆早13的低钾处理优于高钾和对照处理,中棉36随K浓度增加表现更优。4.随营养液中P浓度的增加,叶绿素a(chla),叶绿素b(chlb)及叶绿素总量均增加,充足的P素能明显增加叶片中叶绿素含量,避免早衰,增强光合作用,提高产量。提高营养液中K的水平,也能明显提高叶片中chla、chlb和叶绿素含量,但K过高不利于叶绿素的合成,本试验的两个品种在此范围内表现一致,低钾处理>高钾处理>对照处理。5.提高营养液中P、K的水平,有利于棉花内源玉米素、赤霉素和生长素的合成、运输和代谢。不同品种在不同P、K处理中表现不一,新陆早13内源玉米素、赤霉素和生长素的含量低浓度处理优于高浓度处理,中棉36内源玉米素和生长素的含量高浓度优于低浓度处理。棉花内源玉米素、赤霉素和生长素在各器官的分布在不同P、K水平下呈现规律性,玉米素:叶>根>茎;赤霉素:叶>茎>根;生长素:茎>叶>根。6.适当提高营养液中P、K的浓度,对N、P、K的吸收积累均具有促进作用。新陆早13在低浓度的P、K处理中更利于N、K素的吸收积累,而中棉36在高浓度的P、K处理中更利于棉株对P、K的吸收积累。7.在磷营养下,棉花内源玉米素、赤霉素和生长素与N、K素的总吸收积累量呈显著相关,与N相关系数分别为0.9304**、0.9442**、0.9927**,与K相关系数分别为0.8875*、0.9813**、0.9080*,与P素吸收总积累量相关性不明显。在钾营养下,只有内源生长素与N、K吸收总积累量呈显著相关,相关系数为0.9180**和0.9769**。更多还原

【Abstract】 This subject was studied the effect of different P, K concentration in nutrient by water cultivates with two cottons varieties‘XinLuzao 13’and‘ZhongMian36’ on growth development and physiological characteristic of cotton.And the main results were as follows:1 In this experiment, high effective liquid phase chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation and determination three kind of endogenes hormones content in cotton that is a simple,rapid and perfect method . The chromatograph condition are as follows :the mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water (volume ratio: 4:6 ), the velocity was 1ml/min with an input of 10μl,the detector wave length set at 254 nm.2 .Compared with CK, the growth of cotton was promoted obviously, and stem height , the leaf area and the leaf of stem number were all increased, and the time about the leaf of stem to speed up because of boosting of P, K concentration in nutrient properly. Under this trial conditions, a cotton high growth assumes "S" the shape curve growth is the initial period slow, intermediate stage quick, later period also is slow, until stops growing.3 Compared with CK, the growth of cotton root was promoted, and the root volume, the root total area, the activity of roots were obviously increased because of increasing P in nutrient. The sufficient K nutrition also promoted the cotton root system’s growth, the activity of roots, the total absorption and active absorption area were increased, but there is discrepancy in difference varieties, low potassium surpasses high potassium and CK about‘XinLuzao 13’ ,‘ZhongMian36’ is more superior along with the K concentration increasing.4 The content of Chla, Chlb, and the chlorophyll total quantity was improved obviously because of increasing of P concentration in nutrient, So the changes avoided premature senility,and enhanced photosynthesis. Effect of K on chlorophyll was same to P, the content of Chla, Chlb and Chl were all increased with the improving of K in nutrient,but high potassium was not propitious to the synthesis of chlorophyll, two varieties cottons display consistently, the content of chlorophyll of low potassium is more than that of high potassium,which is more than that of CK in this experiment.5.The synthesis, the transportation and metabolism of endogenes indoles-3-acetic acid(IAA)、zeatin(Z) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in cotton were advanced with promoting of P, K concentration in nutrient.The different varieties had different resuit in different P、K concentration,the content of IAA,Z and GA3 in low phosphorus and potassium is more than high phosphorus and potassium in‘XinLuzao 13’ ,but high phosphorus and potassium is more than low phosphorus and potassium in‘ZhongMian36’. The endogenes indoles-3-acetic acid、zeatin and gibberellic acid in various organs distribution in all kinds of P、K level present the regularity, which is that the content of zeatin of leaf is more than that of root which is more than that of stem, the content of gibberelic of leaf is more than that of stem which is more than that of root, the content of indoles-3-acetic acid of stem is more than that of leaf which is more than that of root.6.The proper concentration of P and K in nutrient can promoted the absorption of N, P and K. The absorption accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in low level is more than other treat in‘XinLuzao 13’,but The absorption accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in high level is more than other treats in‘ZhongMian36’.7 Significant correlation was found between the content of,Z、GA3 and IAA and the absorption accumulation of nitrogen and potassium under the phosphorus nutrition, the correlation coefficients were 0.9304**, 0.9442**, 0.9927** (with N), 0.8875*, 0.9813**, 0.9080* (with K), but it was not obvious about phosphorus . Under potassium nutrition, only between the content of, IAA and the absorption accumulation of nitrogen and potassium have the remarkable correlation, the correlation coefficient is 0.9180** and 0.9769**.更多还原