【作者】 张云峰；

【导师】 王录仓；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 内陆河流域作为一个脆弱的、相对封闭的生态-经济-社会耦合系统，水资源是最根本的限制性因素。水资源是内陆河流域生存和发展的命脉，但由于经济用水挤占生态用水，农业用水挤占工业和城乡生活用水，形成水资源分散、高耗、低效利用的格局，导致资源型缺水和结构性缺水的双重矛盾。其矛盾的焦点在城-乡互动链条，如果农村人口不能从土地中转移出来进入城镇，那么水资源分散、低效利用的状态就不会改变，城乡用水的矛盾也难以根除。因此，要解决水资源的双重压力和低效配置格局，必须将农村地域的人口和劳动力通过合理的途径转移出来以及实现劳作方式在空间分布上的转变，否则上述矛盾依然持续存在。因此，考虑在水资源短缺条件下，通过产业结构的演变升级实现“产业移人”模式的农村劳动力转移，正是顺应了西北内陆河流域经济发展和社会进步的客观需要。首先，以水资源承载力和绿洲稳定性为前提，通过对现状水资源自然赋存格局和变化状态，时间、空间分布与利用关系的分析，透视其资源性缺水与结构性缺水，证明水资源条件的约束性持续存在并有加重的趋势。其次，通过对农村劳动力在不同产业之间的分布状况，以及不同产业对水资源的利用效益进行分析，揭示出农村劳动力就业配位与水资源利用配位具有高度一致性，也就是说水资源的用水大户占用了大量劳动力，产业效益却比较低。再次，以提高水资源利用效益为前提，通过“产业移人”模式实现农村劳动力向用水效率高的产业转移，具体分析了农村劳动力在农业产业内部转移和产业外转移，指出农村劳动力转移的产业指向，并且通过建立回归模型定量分析了水资源约束下的城镇劳动力吸纳规模，以及产业结构演变下的劳动力转移规模。最后，对内陆河流域水资源短缺条件下如何加快农村劳动力转移提出一系列相应的对策措施与建议，包括创新水资源优化配置机制，提高水资源利用率；加快土地产权制度创新，推进农业产业化进程；推进城乡人口管理制度创新，根除体制外生存状况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the history development in western nation, it is the universal phenomenon that rural labor-force migration realized in the course of the development of industrialization and urbanization in a great deal of countries. And it is also necessity outcome that social structure innovation results in rural labor-force changes their occupation to non-agricultural industries and migrates to urban.The inland river basin is obturation and frailty as the ecology-economy-society system relatively, and water resource is the linchpin of subsistence and development. There is dual-contradictory because of lacking of water on resource and structure, on the one hand, using water of economic occupies using water of ecological, on the other hand, using water of agriculture occupies using water of industry and life. As a result ultimately, the use pattern of water resource is dispersed, high expenditure, the low benefit. The focus of contradictory is chain of urban-rural, on condition that rural-labor can’t migrate from rural to urban, well then the use pattern of water resource is changed impossibly, and the contradictory of using water in urban-rural is also difficult to solve. Therefore, for the sake of solving dual-contradictory of water resource and altering the use pattern of water resource, above all, we must make rural labor-force migrates through reasonable way, as well as make working come true transformation. In view of the restriction of water resource in inland river basin, the thesis puts forward a new thinking that making rural labor-force migrates by the transform of industry structure. And it meets the need of economic development and social progress in inland river basin, the northwest of china.Firstly, the thesis takes the water resources supporting capacity and the oasis stability as the premise. Meanwhile, the thesis analyzes the characteristic that distribution of water resources in time and spatial, and then evaluates the relative of distribution and use of water resource. Therefore, the thesis draws the conclusion that the restructure of water resource is exists and deterioration.Secondly, the thesis focuses on the condition of rural labor-force distributed between different industrial and the use effect of water resources in different industries, the characteristic is disclosed that the occupation of rural labor-force and use of water resource is consistent, that is to say, the industry department of using largely water resource possess of a great deal labor-force, but its benefit of production value is low comparatively. Namely, they are not consistency that the using of water resource, the occupancy of labor-force and benefit of production value.Thirdly, the thesis takes it as the premise that using benefit of water resources is enhanced, and to realize rural labor-force migrates to the industry that using efficiency of water resource by the transform of industry structure. And to put forward the direction of rural labor-force migration, the thesis analyzes advantage and disadvantage of the rural labor-force migration between interior industry of agricultural and exterior industry. Further, the thesis quantifies the scale of rural labor-force migration and the scale of urban development and the probability of the rural labor-force migrate to urban by founding mathematics model.Finally, the thesis puts forward some countermeasures and policy advices that accelerating rural labor-force migration in the inland basin with the restriction of water resource. To enhance using benefit of water resources by innovating the distribution mechanism of water resource, to push the process of agricultural industrialization by accelerating system innovation of property right of glebe, to eradicate the situation of institutional survival by promoting innovative management system of urban and rural population.更多还原