【作者】 高红梅；

【导师】 赵会杰；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright)俗称黄姜，根茎中富含薯蓣皂苷，水解所得的薯蓣皂苷元(工业上称皂素)，是目前世界上300多种甾体激素类药物的主要原料。人工栽培盾叶薯蓣不仅可为医药工业提供必要的原料，而且是调整农业结构、增加农民收入的重要途径。进行盾叶薯预的施肥研究，找到合适的施肥配施，对于提高盾叶薯蓣根茎产呈及薯蓣皂苷元含量，促进农民增收具有重要的现实意义。 磷、钾是植物生长的必需元素，历来受到研究者的关注。但是关于其配施对盾叶薯蓣生理代谢和产量品质的影响，目前研究较少，致使生产上常因磷钾肥使用不当而导致种植效益降低。因此，本文研究了不同磷钾肥用量及其配施对盾叶薯蓣生理特性、根茎产量和薯蓣皂甙元含量的影响。主要结果如下： 1 磷钾肥配施对盾叶薯蓣叶片叶绿素含量、荧光参数及光合速率的影响 不同施肥处理均显示随着盾叶薯蓣的生长，叶片中叶绿素含量、Fv／Fo、Fv／Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP、Pn等有先增加后下降的趋势，qNP则是先下降到生长后期急剧上升。不同时期的测量结果显示施肥对盾叶薯蓣叶片叶绿素含量具有显著作用；苗期、营养生长期、孕蕾开花期和枯萎期达到了极显著差异。苗期和孕蕾开花期各处理间盾叶薯蓣叶片的Fv／Fo差异不显著，根茎生长期各处理间存在显著差异。Fv／Fm在苗期、孕蕾开花期、根茎生长期各施肥处理间差异不显著，但随着磷钾肥施用量的增加，各处理间盾叶薯蓣叶片Fv／Fm达到了极显著差异。施肥对盾叶薯蓣苗期叶片的ΦPSⅡ具有很大影响，地下根茎旺盛生长期和枯萎期磷钾肥施用量的变化均能显著影响ΦPSⅡ。对于qP，苗期、营养生长期和孕蕾开花期各处理间差异不显著，地下根茎旺盛生长期增加磷钾肥施用量对盾叶薯蓣叶片的qP具有很大影响，但磷钾肥施用量增加过多反而造成qP的下降。营养生长期磷、钾肥水平的不同对qNP有较大的影响，随着磷、钾肥水平的增加，qNP的值也逐渐增大。光合速率Pn随磷钾肥施用量的不同变化较大，各时期的施肥处理与对照相比差异都达到极显著水平。综合分析表明对上述指标影响最大的磷钾肥配施是P10K15。 2 磷钾肥配施对盾叶薯蓣叶片中氨基酸、蛋白质、可溶糖和蔗糖含量的影响 盾叶薯蓣叶片中氨基酸、蛋白质、可溶性糖和蔗糖的含量随着生育期的推进均有先增加后下降的趋势，氨基酸在苗期含量最高，蛋白质、可溶性糖和蔗糖在孕蕾开花期最高。不同磷钾肥施用量对盾叶薯蓣苗期、营养生长期和孕蕾开花期的AA含量影响比较大，使之在三个时期处理间的差异都比较显著；从各时期的试验结果看以施肥处理P10K15最好。磷钾肥施用量的多少对盾叶薯蓣蛋白质含量的影响比较大，随着磷钾肥施用量的增加，各时期蛋白质含量均呈递增趋势，以高水平的磷钾肥施入量的处理(P15K10，P10K15)蛋白质含量最高，可溶性糖的含量随着磷钾肥施入水平的提高，也成递增趋势。蔗糖含量除了孕蕾开花期的低水平磷钾肥处理与对照间的差异只达到显著水平外，其他各时期的施肥处理与对照间的差异都达到了极显著水平。综合各方面情况考虑，对于叶片中可溶糖和蔗糖来说，以磷钾肥配施更多还原

【Abstract】 Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright also named Huang Jiang. Its rhizome contains rich diosgenin, which is the main raw material of more than 200 kinds of medicine of steroid hormone class. The manual cultivation of Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright not only provides the essential raw material for the pharmaceutical industry, but also is an important method for adjusting the agricultural structure and increasing farmer’s income. Carrying on the research of applying fertilizer on the Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright and finding the appropriate fertilizer amount in applying is significant for enhancing the output of rhizome and the content of diosgenin, meanwhile, it can boost the farmer’s income.The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are the essential elements for plants, so they always receive researcher’s attention. But the study about the effect of the ratio of P and K fertilizer on the physiological metabolism, output and quality is very little as we know. Therefore, it is very often that the improper use of P and K fertilizer leads to reducing of planting benefit. Accordingly, the effect of different ratio of P and K fertilizer on the physiological characteristic, output of rhizome and the content of diosgenin of Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright was studied in this article. The main results are as follows.1. The effect of applying different ratio of P and K feitilizer on the content of chlorophyl, fluorescence parameter and photosynthesis speed of Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·WrightThe treatments in different P and K fertilizer ratio showed that, along with the growth of Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright, the content of chlorophyll, Fv/F0 (latent activeness of PS Ⅱ ),Fv/Fm(maximum photochemistry efficiency of PS Ⅱ),? PS Ⅱ (the efficiency of capturing energy of Hght),qP(fluorescence photochemistry quenching coefficient),Pn(photosynthesis speed) all showed the tendency of increasing at first and then decreasing. But it was reverse for qNP (fluorescence non photochemistry quenching coefficient). The results measured in different periods demonstrated that applying fertilizer on the Dioscorea zingiberensis C·H·Wright had a notable effect on its chlorophyll content in leaves. The differences in seedling stage, nutrition vegetal period, pregnant and florescence and wither period were very significant. The difference of Fv/F0 in each treatments in the seedling stage and pregnant and florescence wasn’t remarkable, but it was obvious in rhizome vegetal period. The notable difference of Fv/Fm between the treatments was achieved in the seedling stage, pregnant and florescence and rhizome vegetal period along with the increasing of fertilizer concentration. The amount of applying fertilizer in seedling stage, rhizome vegetal period and wither period had a remarkable effect on the change of ? PS Ⅱ. As for qP, the difference among the treatments wasn’t remarkable in seedling stage, nutrition vegetal period and pregnant and florescence. In rhizome vegetal period, increasing the更多还原