【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 许自成；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 田间试验于2004-2005年分别在河南省罗山县和河南农业大学郑州科教园区进行，研究了打顶当天在茎断面涂抹生长素，同时于根部灌施K₂SO₄肥对烤烟根系发育性状、抗逆性、碳氮代谢、色素含量、常规化学成分含量、致香与潜香物质含量及经济性状的影响。结果如下： 1．对烤烟根系性状的影响。涂抹生长素、追施K₂SO₄肥能够提高根系对养分的吸收能力，促进其二次发育，使烟株具备了高吸钾素的潜在能力，且以涂抹2次的效果最好，其中T3、T5、T6的根系活力明显提高，T6的ATP酶活性远高于其他处理。与T2相比，打项30d后T3、T4、T5和T6的根系干物质重量的增幅依次为：T6（52.76％）＞T5（22.33％）＞T3（10.11％）＞T4（8.55％）。 2．对烤烟根系合成烟碱和吸收钾能力的影响。与T2相比，涂抹生长素和追施K₂SO₄肥对根系烟碱的合成具有一定的抑制作用，烟碱的降幅依次为：T6（44.94％）＞T5（38.63％）＞T3（20.25％）＞T4（8.02％）；随生育进程延长，根系吸收钾的能力逐渐降低，与打项当天相比，在打顶30d后各处理烤烟根系钾含量下降幅度为：T2（73.28％）＞T4（70.13％）＞T3（69.22％）＞T5（63.23％）＞T6（59.72％）。 3．对大田烤烟抗逆性指标的影响。POD、SOD、CAT活性在打顶后随生育进程延长逐渐降低。打顶30d后，POD和SOD活性的高低顺序为：T6＞T5＞T4＞T3＞T2＞T1，且处理间差异显著。打顶20～30d后，由于追施K肥和涂抹IAA 2次，T6的CAT活性提高，表现出较强的抗逆优势；随生育期进程延长，PPO活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势，成熟期PPO活性的高低顺序为：T6＞T5＞T4＞T3＞T2＞T1。 4．对大田烤烟叶碳代谢的影响。烤烟的淀粉酶活性表现出先降低后略上升的趋势（除T1外）。在打项30d后，除T3、T4间差异不显著外，其余处理间的淀粉酶活性差异显著，此期6个处理的淀粉酶活性的高低顺序为：T6＞T5＞T4＞T3＞T2＞T1；在测定时期内烤烟叶片的转化酶活性逐渐降低。打顶30d后，6个处理烤烟转化酶活性的高低顺序为：T6＞T5＞T4＞T3＞T2＞T1，其中T3与T4，T4与T5间差异不显著。 由打顶当天至打顶30d后，除T1外，其余5个处理的淀粉含量逐渐升高。采取打顶措施的5个处理淀粉含量均比较高，其中以涂抹IAA和追施K₂SO₄肥的T5和T6提高效果最明显；从打顶当天到打顶30d后，经过打顶处理（T2-T5）的总糖含量经过了先上升后下降的变化过程。打顶30d后，6个处理的总糖含量高低顺序为：T6＞T5＞T4＞T3＞T2＞T1。 5．对大田烤烟叶氮代谢的影响。随生育进程延长，6个处理的NR活性均表现为逐渐下降趋势。打顶20d～30d后，NR活性均以T1最低，T6最高，且T1、T6与其余各处理的差异均达显著水平；随生育期进行蛋白质含量逐渐降低，打顶30d后，6个处理间的蛋白质含量差异均显著，此期蛋白质含量高低顺序依次为：T6＞T5＞T4＞T2＞T3＞T1。6个处理NR／INV比值的变化情况更多还原

【Abstract】 Field trials were carried out in Luoshan county and Zhengzhou of Henan province from 2004 to 2005. Effects of applying aution and potassium fertilizer on the root growth, stress-resistance, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, pigment content, some chemical components, volatile aroma matters and precursor aroma matters and economic characters after curing were studied. The results were summarized as follows:1. Effects of applying aution and potassium fertilizer on root characters of flue-cured tobacco: absorption ability and the second reproduction of roots were promoted by applying IAA and K₂SO₄ fertilizer which made tobacco plants have great potential of absorbing potassium, especially pasting again a week later. The root activity of treatment T3, T5 and T6 was improved obviously, and T6 had much higher ATP activity than the other treatments in this trial. Compared with T2, the order of increasing range of roots dry weight was T6 （52.76%） > T5 （22.33%） > T3 （10.11%） > T4 （8.55%）.2. Effects of applying aution and potassium fertilizer on synthesizing nicotine and absorbing potassium of flue-cured tobacco root: compared with T2, nicotine synthesized in the root could be controlled when treated with applying IAA and K₂SO₄ fertilizer, and the order of decreasing range was T6 （44.94%） > T5 （38.63%） > T3 （20.25%） > T4 （8.02%）. The ability of absorbing potassium weakened with the days increasing after topping, and the order of decreasing range of potassium in roots was T2 （73.28%） > T4 （70.13%） > T3 （69.22%）>T5 （63.23%） >T6 （59.72%） at 30d after topping compared with the topping day.3. Effect of applying aution and potassium fertilizer on stress-resistance enzyme of flue-cured tobacco during field stage: POD, SOD and CAT activity decreased with the days increasing after topping. The order of POD and SOD activity was T6 > T5 > T4 > T3 > T2 > T1, and showed significant difference at the 0.05 level among treatments at the 30d after topping. The CAT activity of T6 showed the superiority to the other treatments in stress-resistance due to pasting IAA 2 times and applying K₂SO₄ fertilizer from 20d to 30d after topping. PPO activity indicated the trend of increasing earlier, then decreasing with the days increasing after topping, and the order of PPO activity at the mature stage （30d） was T6 >T5>T4>T3>T2>T1.4. Effects of applying aution and potassium fertilizer on carbon metabolism of更多还原