【作者】 侯军兴；

【导师】 刘存祥；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，电动车辆的悬挂系统仍采用传统的弹簧、扭力轴以及液压或摩擦式减振器相结合的机械调节式悬挂系统，其反应速度慢、适用范围窄、悬挂参数不可控制，而磁悬浮技术是一项无机械接触的崭新技术，具有一系列优良的技术、环保、经济等特征。 本文叙述了一种新型的直线电机驱动的履带式电动车辆磁悬浮系统的设计。履带上铺设稀土永磁体，车体上固定电磁铁和永磁体，如果对电磁铁通电使它产生的极性与永磁体的极性相同，那么电磁铁与永磁体将会相互排斥悬浮。永磁体提供基本的悬浮力，电磁铁起调节作用，只要使电磁、永磁产生的合力与车体的重力相平衡，车体就可以悬浮在不同的位置而处于平衡状态，从而实现电动车辆的磁悬浮功能。驾驶室内安放低档悬浮按钮、中档悬浮按钮、高档悬浮按钮、复位按钮、停止按钮等，这些操作按钮与基于可编程逻辑控制器的控制系统相连。 本文在介绍履带式电动车辆磁悬浮实现原理的基础上，着重阐述永磁、电磁混合悬浮系统的设计，永磁、电磁悬浮的力学实验，电动车辆的悬浮控制系统及其控制策略的实现。 文章首先介绍了永磁、电磁悬浮技术，设计、制作了四种电磁铁，进行了永磁悬浮力实验、电磁悬浮力实验、电磁永磁混合悬浮力实验、磁路封装测力实验。设计了以PLC为控制核心的控制系统，对电动车辆的低档悬浮、中档悬浮、高档悬浮、复位、停止进行控制。低档悬浮按钮、中档悬浮按钮、高档悬浮按钮、复位按钮、停止按钮开关量作为PLC的输入点，由PLC按照一定的算法对低档悬浮、中档悬浮、高档悬浮的数值进行运算，经过数模转换，输出的数据经PLC的模拟量输出端口变成电压或电流信号，该电压或电流信号送到固态调压器信号输入端，按照一定的逻辑关系，控制固态调压器的外部调压端子，从而控制直流电磁铁的端电压。进而，又构建了基于PLC的综合控制系统，使综合系统能同时控制悬浮系统和驱动系统，既能够完成前进、倒车、变速、转向及制动等功能，也能分高、中、低三个档位进行悬浮。 基于以上思想设计出的履带式电动车辆的磁悬浮系统，减小了车辆的摩擦力，可有效减小直线电机的驱动功率，为进一步提高车辆的动力性能创造了良好的硬件条件。整车重心极低，运动平稳，有利于司乘人员的安全。通过能力强，有利于减少道路基础设施的投资。而且采用磁悬浮系统保持了汽车驾驶舱振动环境的舒适性。同时，噪声水平大大下降，提高了乘坐人员的舒适性。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the mechanical adjustive suspension system including the traditional spring absorber, twisting force axle, or hydraulic absorber combined with frictional absorber are still used in the suspension system of electric vehicles. Its response is slow, scope of application is narrow, and suspension parameters are uncontrollable. And the magnetic levitation technology is a new technology without mechanical contact, it has a number of good characteristics which are technical, environmental protective and economical.This article will describe the design of magnetic suspension system of electronic tracklayer which is drove by a new type of linear electromotor. The permanent magnets are laid on the pedrail, permanent magnet and electromagnet are fixed on the chassis. If the polarity of the electromagnet is the same as the polarity of permanent magnet, then the electromagnet and the permanent magnet will repel one another. The basic levitation force is provided by the permanent magnet, and the electromagnet can adjust levitation force. As long as the levitation force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet are equal to the gravity, the chassis can be suspended in different positions and in balance, thereby the magnetic suspension functions of the electric vehicles can be realized. Low-suspended button, median suspended button, high-suspended button, reset button and stop button are installed in the cab. All these operate buttons are linked with control systems based on programmable logic controller.On the basis of introducing the principles of magnetic levitation of electronic tracklayer, this article highlights the magnetic levitation experiment of permanent magnet and electromagnet, the levitation control systems and control strategy of electric vehicles.The article first introduces permanent magnetic levitation technology and electromagnetic levitation technology, and then introduces design and manufacture of four kinds of electromagnets. The author measured the strength of permanent magnetic suspension, the electromagnet suspension and the hermetical permanent magnet suspension through four experiments. The control system has been designed in which PLC is the control core; it can control low-suspension, median-suspension, high-suspension, reset and stop of the electric vehicle. Low-suspended button, median更多还原