【作者】 高书锋；

【导师】 王振跃；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究对黄瓜叶际微生物进行了分离和鉴定：用107株不同来源的生防菌株对黄瓜灰霉病菌和炭疽病菌进行了室内抑菌测定；在抑菌测定的基础上对筛选出的生防菌进行了盆栽和保护地防病试验；对进一步筛选出的3株生防菌进行了生防机制的初步研究。 1．黄瓜叶际微生物的分离和鉴定：共分离到附生真菌25株，分别属于青霉属、毛壳属、链格孢属、木霉属、镰刀菌属、顶柱霉属、曲霉属、单头孢霉属、葡萄孢属、枝孢霉属、聚端孢霉属、黑根霉属、长蠕孢属13个属，链格孢属和青霉属为优势属：共分离到内生真菌4株，分别属于曲霉属、链格孢属、枝孢霉属，曲霉属为优势属。共分离到附生细菌26株，分别属于黄杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、不动细菌属、库特氏菌属、足球菌属、欧文氏菌属、氮单胞菌属10个属，芽孢杆菌属和黄单胞菌属为优势属；共分离到内生细菌5株，分别属于芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、黄单胞菌属，假单胞菌属为优势属。共分离到附生酵母菌7株，分别属于毕赤酵母属、瓶形酵母属、酵母属、红酵母属、隐球酵母属、酵母状外子囊属6个属，隐球酵母属为优势属。共分离到附生放线菌35株，鉴定1株，为小多孢菌属。乳酸菌L2和供试菌株S50分别鉴定为芽孢杆菌属和链霉菌属。 2．抑菌测定：通过室内拮抗实验，筛选出对黄瓜灰霉病菌和炭疽病菌具有较强抑菌活性的真菌F22，细菌B5，放线菌S32、S10、S24、S_t18、S_t61、S23和乳酸菌L2。S50单对炭疽病菌抑菌作用最强。 通过抗生实验：表明B5、L2、S32、S10和S23发酵液对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝生长的有较强抑制作用：表明S50、L2和S24发酵液对黄瓜炭疽病菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用，其次是S32、S23和S10。 3．防病试验：盆栽防治黄瓜灰霉病的结果表明：S32、L2、B5和S10的防治效果较好；防治炭疽病的结果表明：S50、L2、B5、S_t61、S₁₀、S₃₂和S₁₈的防治效果较好。保护地小区防治黄瓜灰霉病的结果表明：B5、S32、L2、S23、F22和S₁₈的防治效果较好；防治黄瓜炭疽病的结果表明：S50、L2、S₃₂和B5的防治效果较好。 4．生防菌对黄瓜灰霉病生防机制的初步研究：生防菌B5、L2和S32发酵液对黄瓜灰霉病菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长的抑制作用及S32对菌丝形态的影响初步表明B5、L2和S32的生防机制是拮抗作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Microorganisms from phyllosphere of cucumber were isolated and identified; The dual culture with 107 strains isolates were tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea and Collectotrchum orbiculare . Pot experiment and field trial against B. cinerea and C.orbiculare were conducted.Pnminary study on biocontrol manchism against B. cinerea were done.1.The isolation and identification of microorganisms from phyllosphere of cucumber.A total of 25 and 4 strains fungi , 21 and 5 strains bacteria were isolated from the surface and interior of living leaves of cucumber. 25 and 4 strains fungi were identified as 13 and 3 fungal species, 21 and 5 strains bacteria as 10 and 4 bacterial species. 7 strains yeasts were obtained from the surface of living leaves of cucumber,which were identified 6 yeast species,and 35 strains actinomycetes were obtained, but only 1 strains were identified. lactic acid bacteria L2 was also identified.2.107strains of isolates were tested by dual culture in vitro against B. cinerea and C.orbiculare.We screened 9 strains of isolates with strong inhibiting effect.,including F22,with inhibitory rate 51.61% and 43.24% against B. cinerea and C. orbiculare; B5, with inhibitory rate 51.39% and 43.84%; S32、L2、S10、S24、St18、St61、S23, with inhibitory rate above 30% and above 40% against B. cinerea and C. orbicular； S50, which have the best inhibitory effect only against C. orbicular, with inhibitory rate 64.79%.The inhibitory determination of fermented broth against B. cinerea showed B5 was the best, B5、L2、S32、S10 and S23 were superior to the solution of Procymidone at 1000g/L; against C. orbicular showed that S50 was the best, and that S50、L2、 S24 diluted by 10 times , S32 dilutedby 5 times and B5、S23 and S10 with no dilution were superior or equal to 10000 units agricultural antibiotics 120.3.The result of pot experiment against B. cinerea indicated control effects of S32、L2、B5、S10 were better than others; against C. orbicular indicated control effects of S50、L2、B5、St61、S10、S32、St18 were better than others.The result of field trial against B. cinerea demonstrated control effects of B5、更多还原