【作者】 高翔；

【导师】 詹克慧；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦K型不育系具有易保持、易恢复、无不良细胞质效应的优点，但其育性恢复度高而稳定的恢复系仍然偏少，是制约其在生产上应用的重要原因之一。小麦K型不育系的育性恢复不仅受遗传因素控制，也受环境条件的影响，关于遗传因素已有很多报道。环境对其育性恢复度的具体影响仍不完全清楚。本试验利用16个K型不育系与12个K型恢复系组配测交组合，探讨了不育系间的易恢性差异和恢复系的恢复力差异；利用18个K型杂交组合研究了土壤干旱、播期、播量对育性恢复度的影响；在二核期，进行35℃和40℃的高温处理，研究了温度对其育性恢复的影响；利用16个不育系和7个恢复系组配的组合，研究了K型杂交组合在连续3年（2004年、2005年和2006年）的恢复度表现，以期为K型不育系的进一步研究利用提供依据。研究结果表明： 1．不育系间的易恢性存在显著差异。易恢性最好的不育系是K豫麦3号，平均恢复度达到76.62％，而最差是K豫农212M2，平均恢复度仅为54.29％，两者相差22.33％。16个不育系中，有4个不育系的易恢性较好，它们分别是K豫麦3号、K豫农93019，、K豫农93151、K漯珍1号，它们的平均恢复度都在70％以上。易恢性最差的不育系是K豫农212M2，与该不育系易恢性无差异的还有KMS43、KS34、K豫麦21、KS43、K矮82056等5个不育系，它们的平均恢复度都在60％以下，是较差的不育系。易恢性较好的不育系育性恢复度变异较小，而易恢性较差的变异较大，同一不育系组配的F₁恢复度的差值与其恢复度平均值呈负相关，相关系数为-0.673，达到极显著水平。 2．恢复系间的恢复力存在显著差异。恢复力最高的是豫麦2号，平均恢复度达到78.04％，恢复力与豫麦2号无差异的只有PH85-1-6，它的平均恢复度为76.97％，相差仅为1.07％。恢复力最差的是豫麦66，平均恢复度只有48.16％。恢复力较高的恢复系组配的F₁恢复度变异较小，而恢复力较差的恢复系组配的F₁恢复度变异较大，同一恢复系组配的F₁恢复度的差值与其恢复力呈负相关，相关系数为-0.617，达到显著水平。不育系和恢复系间存在互作关系。 3．K型不育系的育性恢复受温度的影响较大，在二核期对K型杂交组合进行35℃和40℃高温处理，恢复度明显降低，国内法恢复度分别降低4.71％和12.62％，国际法恢复度分别降低11.68％和21.45％，但高恢复度的组合降低幅度较小。土壤干旱对育性恢复有一定影响，高恢复度的组合降低，而低恢复度的组合提高，可能与土壤干旱条件下避开了高温影响有关。播种期对K型杂交组合的恢复度有较大影响，推迟播种期会明显降低组合的恢复度，国内法和国际法恢复度均达到极显著水平，不同恢复度的组合问的表现较一致。播种量影响较小，但高恢复度的组合随播种量的提高恢复度有所降低。恢复力强的恢复系组配的组合受环境条件的影响相对较小，其表现与常规品种较一致。抽穗至开花期间的异常高温是恢复度不稳定的主要外部原因，合理的栽培措施有助于提高杂交组合的恢复度。 4．大多数K型杂交组合的恢复度在年份间有较大差异，但不同组合表现不同，高恢复度的组合相对稳定，低恢复度的组合在年份间的差异较大。异常年份鉴定恢复系的恢复力是最有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat male sterile line with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm has some advantages, such as easy to be maintained and restored, and unobvious cytoplasm effects, but many studies indicated that lack of the restoring lines with high and stable restoring ability was one of the reasons to limit its utilization in field production. Fertility restoration of wheat male sterile line with Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm is not only controlled by restoring genes, but also affected by environmental factors. Many genetic reseaches about its fertility restoration have been carried out, and no detailed report on its environmental stability has been found. In order to study the performance and stability of fertility restoration of male sterile line with Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm, some studies were carried out: (1)the restoring degrees of 192 hybrids crossed by sixteen sterile lines and twelve restorers were measured in two environments; (2) eighteen hybrids crossed by six sterile lines and three restorers were used to study the influence of droughty soil, sowing time and sowing rate on fertility restoration; (3) four hybrids with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm and one parent were used to study the effects of temperature on fertility restoration; (4)the fertility performances of one hundred and twelve hybrids crossed by sixteen sterile lines and seven restorers were investigated from 2004 to 2006. The aims were to provide more information for the utilization of wheat male sterile line with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. The results indicated that:1. There were obvious differences in the easy restoration of fertility (ERF) of sixteen male sterile lines. Yumai3 had the best ERF, and its average restoring degree was 76.62%. Yunong212M2 had the worst ERF, and its average restoring degree was only 54.29%. Except for Yumai3, other three sterile lines, such as Yunong93019, Yunong93151 and Luozhenl, had the good ERF, and their average restoring degree all exceeded 70%. MS43, S34, Yumai21, S43 and Ai82056 had no difference in ERF with Yunong212M2, and their average restoring degrees were all below 60%. The sterile line with better ERF had a smaller variation in fertility restoration, while the sterile line with worse ERF had a greater variation. A very significant correlation had been found between the average restoring degree and the range of the restoring degrees for the hybrids with the same sterile line, and the coefficient is更多还原