单级G-M型脉管制冷机性能研究

【作者】 唐立；

【导师】 邱利民；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 制冷与低温工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 脉管制冷机是上世纪60年代中期发展起来的一种新型低温制冷机，比常规回热式制冷机具有更高的可靠性、更小的机械振动和更低的电磁噪声。近年来随着脉管制冷机性能的逐渐提高，在各种应用场合显示出了很强的竞争力，其潜在应用范围涉及航空航天、军事、低温电子学、低温医学、气体液化等诸多领域。 本文以进一步降低单级G-M型脉管制冷机最低制冷温度、提高其在20—40K温区制冷量和制冷效率（COP）为工作重点进行了理论和实验研究。在数值模拟软件REGEN3.2和热力学分析的基础上，重点对制冷机中的核心部件回热器进行了改进工作，主要包括使用不同水力直径的铅丸；增加磁性蓄冷材料Er₃Ni；使用不锈钢丝网代替磷青铜丝网；使用300目不锈钢丝网代替原有250目不锈钢丝网等。实验结果表明，其最低制冷温度从13.8K降至11.1K，为单级G-M型脉管制冷机的最低制冷温度新纪录。该制冷机可在20、30、40K分别获得17.8、40.7和64.4W的制冷量，使脉管制冷机同样可以应用于原本必须使用G-M型制冷机的20-40K温区，大大拓展了脉管制冷机未来应用领域。此外，本文还对制冷机制冷性能的可重复性进行了测试，结果显示制冷机的性能完全可以满足实用化的需要，为该制冷机投入实用创造了条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pulse tube was a new type cryocooler first introduced in 1960s’ of last century. It has higher reliability, lower vibration and electromagnetic noise than normal regenerative cryocoolers. Pulse tube shows strong competitiveness with its gradually increase of performance. Its potential application includes space, military, cryoelectronics, cryobiology, gas liquefaction, etc.This paper targets on lowering cooling temperature and increasing cooling power and efficiency from 20K to 40K of a single-stage G-M type pulse tube through experimental and theoretical research. With numerical simulation of REGEN3.2 and thermodynamic analysis, our work focus on improving regenerator, the key element of a cryocooler, which including: comparing Pb spheres of different hydra-diameter, adding magnetic material Er₃Ni, using stainless steel screens to replace original phosphor bronze screens, using 300# stainless steel screens to replace 250# ones. The experimental outcome reaches 11.1 K from 13.8K which is the best record ever been reported over the world. Meanwhile, it can have cooling power of 17.8W, 40.7W, 64.4W at 20K, 30K, 40K respectively. Its application is greatly widened by this achievement, indicates that our cryocooler can be used from 20K to 40K which originally is the field of G-M type cryocoolers. Besides, we run several tests on repeatability which also gives optimistic results that the cryocooler is completely fit for practical usage.更多还原