【作者】 郭四玲；

【导师】 薛郁；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 理论物理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展，对交通需求的增长与交通建设相对滞后之间的矛盾日益突出，交通堵塞问题、车辆追尾引起车辆相撞的交通事故问题，已成为制约国民经济发展的主要因素之一。交通问题受到国内外许多专家学者的重视，他们提出了各种各样的交通流模型，力图缓解交通堵塞、减少交通事故。其中对元胞自动机(Cellular Automaton，简称CA)交通流模型的研究受到广泛地关注。元胞自动机模型是一种时间、空间和变量都离散的数学模型，具有算法简单、灵活可调、计算效率高等特点，是研究非线性复杂系统的有效工具，具有广阔的应用前景。 本文的工作是从观察交通阻塞的形成、时停时走交通和同步交通等非线性现象入手，通过对具有慢启动规则的一维元胞自动机交通流模型VDR模型、BJH模型、T~2模型的时空间距分布、位置相关函数、序参量、驰豫时间的数值模拟以及与NaSch模型的这些参量进行比较，以研究引入慢启动规则的元胞自动机交通流模型的相变特性。在南宁市，选取两处具有代表性的公交车站点，对公交车的停靠时间进行实测并分析。 本文的主要工作由三部分组成： 1) 针对交通堵塞问题、车辆追尾引起车辆相撞的交通事故问题的发生，可以通过车辆之间的时空间距变化及其分布了解交通的拥挤更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of social economy, the contradiction between the growth of traffic flux and relative delay of traffic construction is becoming prominent. Traffic jam, cars following rears bring on crash accidents, which has greatly restricted the development of social economy. Many experts in different countries have concentrated on traffic problem seriously and proposed many models of traffic flow in order to dull traffic jam and reduce traffic accidents. Many scientists widely focus on investigation of Cellular Automaton (CA) traffic flow model. Cellular Automaton model is a mathematical model in which space, time and state value are discrete. It is parallel and simple for computation, so CA is a very good tool for simulating various complex nonlinear phenomena and physical problems.In this dissertation, based on the nonlinear phenomena of jam formation, stop-and-go and synchronized flow traffic, the characteristics of phase transition compared to those of NaSch model are studied via spatiotemporal headway distributions, site correlation function, order parameter of one dimensional CA traffic flow model with "slow-to-start" rule. Having chosen two representative bus stops and measured bus stopping times and analyzed empirical data.This dissertation consists of the following three main parts.1) Because of traffic jamming, cars following leader’s tail lead to collision. This is reflected by cars’ spatio-temporal headway varying. According to spatio-temporal headway distributions, we can understand traffic congestion to some extent. Compared to those of NaSch model, simulation results show that spatio-temporal headway distribution of three models at free flow traffic is identical and one at更多还原