【作者】 丘波；

【导师】 霍霞；

【作者基本信息】 汕头大学 ， 病理学与病理生理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 电气、电子产品的需求和产量呈持续快速增长，而其使用寿命却逐渐缩短，这使电子废物成为目前世界上增长最快的固体废物。电子废物本身含有多种有毒有害物质。如处理不当可能污染环境，影响人体健康。我国的电子废物处理尚未建立完善的体系，在某些地区形成了不规范的电子废物处理集散地。 目前，关于电子废物对人体健康影响的研究极少。本研究目的是了解电子废物的不规范处理对人体可能的危害，尤其是重金属危害。选择已有10多年不规范处理电子废物历史的汕头贵屿镇作为研究现场，以新生儿脐带血作为研究对象，检测其铅和镉含量；另外研究该镇新生儿与铅毒性遗传性相关的δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸脱水酶(δ-aminolevulinic aciddehydratase, ALAD)基因的多态性。在汕头贵屿镇耀辉医院共采集脐带血标本129例，非凝血的合格标本121例，收集完整问卷129份，合格问卷121份，男婴68例，女婴53例，其中来自贵屿镇的合格样品89例，其余来自邻镇的32例作为对照组。在严格质量控制下，采用石墨炉原子吸收法进行血铅、血镉测定；以闯卷的形式进行家庭环境健康状况等的调查；使用多元逐步回归分析方法，筛选对脐带血中铅和镉水平有明显作用的相关因素，建立回归方程。采用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法进行ALAD基因型分析。主要结果如下： 1、贵屿镇脐带血血铅水平呈偏正态分布，范围为23.60μg／L～407.801μg／L，中位数为105.00μg／L，其中，脐带血血铅水平超过目前认为相对安全界限(100μg／L)为49例，占该组55.06％，无论是铅的中毒率还是均值，贵屿镇和对照组比较，差别均有统计学意义：也比北京、上海等国内绝大多数地方的同类型研究高。 2、贵屿组脐带血血镉水平呈偏正态分布，范围为0μg／L～28.75μg／L，中位数为4.08μg／L，超过5μg／L为39.33％，均值和超标率与对照组差别无统计学意义；与全国其他地方对比，其均值、中位数和超过5μg／L率相对较高。 3、在检测的92标本中，ALAD均为ALAD1-1型。从遗传特性上来讲，该地区的儿更多还原

【Abstract】 Expansion of the global market for electrical and electronic products continues to accelerate, while the lifespan of the products is dropping, resulting in a corresponding explosion in electronic scrap. These devices often contain a variety of toxic metals (e.g., lead),and these subsequently create substantial problems with regard to handling, recycling and disposal of obsolete products. Unregulated disposal will bring many problems. For the present, however, the electronic wastes (e-waste) recycling sector in many places of our country remains largely unregulated.It is poorly studied with regard to its impacts on the health of recycling workers and surrounding communities. This study was designed to study on the relation between e-waste unregulated disposal and healthy, especially heavy metals to healthy. Guiyu is a small town that has more than 10 years’ e-waste unregulated disposal history. After collecting umbilical cord blood, Pb and Cd levels were been measured. Furthermore, An assay based on the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) technique of restriction enzyme MspI was used to determine the genotype of the ALAD gene. 121 specimens of umbilical cord blood were collected in Yaohui hospital, including 68 specimens were males and 53 specimens were females. Guiyu group had 89 specimens and control group had 32 specimens. Blood lead levels and cadmium levels were measured with graphitefurnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Furthermore related 121 lying-in women were surveyed about environmental factors and healthy situations with a face to face questionnaire. Data were analyzed with multiple regression for the environmental factors which affected the lead level and cadmium levels in umbilical cord blood. The results were followed:更多还原