【作者】 席洋；

【导师】 程水源；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 九十年代以来,唐山市滦河及陡河水质污染逐年加重,生态环境日益恶化。因此,将滦河、陡河水污染控制系统作为一个整体,运用系统工程的思想和方法,分析和协调水污染控制系统各组成因素之间的关系,用较小的代价获得有效的或满意的水质效果,寻求最佳的污染控制实施方案,是非常必要的研究课题。本文着重对水污染控制系统区域最优规划模型的计算方法进行了较为深入的研究。由于该模型是一个有约束非线性优化模型,本文引入遗传算法对其进行求解。遗传算法(GA)是一种基于自然选择原理和自然遗传机制的随机优化方法。它求解优化问题的基本思想是把问题的目标函数解释为生物对环境的适应性,把问题的一个解对应于生物群体中的一个个体。由当前群体开始,通过复制、交叉和变异操作,产生新一代群体。重复这个过程,直到得出满足条件的最优个体,该最优个体就代表了原优化问题的最优解。在理论上,一定条件下遗传算法可以收敛到全局最优解,但在实际应用中往往很快收敛到局部极值点后算法就停滞不前,即出现所谓的早熟性收敛。针对上述问题,本文在对滦河、陡河水环境质量进行分析和评价的基础上,对应用于滦河、陡河水污染控制规划方案优化研究的标准遗传算法进行了部分的改进。结果表明,通过改进后的遗传算法较好地改善了标准遗传算法的早熟现象,具有更好的全局搜索能力,是一种理论上可行、实践上具有深入研究开发价值的水污染控制系统优化方法。本文最后在改进遗传算法得到的滦河、陡河优化方案的基础上,对河流沿岸工业企业及居民生活污水的处理去向做出了进一步的明确。研究结果可为唐山市有关部门进行城市规划、制定滦河、陡河的水污染控制方案等提供技术支持。对其他流域的水污染控制系统的最优规划也具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990s, Luanhe River and Douhe River of Tangshan City have been increasingly polluted and ecological environment in this area has been steadily deteriorated. During the research, Luanhe River and Douhe River pollution controlling system have been taken as a whole, aims at analyzing and coordinating relationship in composition factors of control system of water pollution with idea and method of system engineering in order to gain effective or satisfied water quality with smaller cost and finds the best execute program.In this paper, calculation method of area optimum planning model in water pollution controlling system is studied deeply. This model is a non-linear programming model and it’s more variable and restriction, this paper uses Genetic Algorithms (GA) to solve the model. GA is a random optimization method based on natural selection theory and natural genetic mechanics. Its basic idea to solve optimization issue is to use creature’s adaptability to denote the object function and use individual of population to denote solution of issue. Newer population is generated from current population by copying, crossing and variation. This process is duplicated constantly until the best individual which represents the best solution of optimization issue is gained. In theory, GA can gain global optimum solution in a certain condition but always traps in deadlock after gaining local optimum solution, which is called as early mature. This paper improves Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) to optimization layout of water pollution control system of Luanhe River and Douhe River of Tangshan city against problem mentioned above. The result that improved GA improves early mature phenomenon of standard GA and owns better global searching ability indicated that improved GA is a feasible optimization method of control system of water pollution in theory with profound researching and development value.In the end of the paper, on the basis of the optimization projects of Luanhe River and Douhe River with improved Genetic Algorithm, the sewage disposal factories into which industry and municipal sewage letting are definitive. The research result of the paper may provide technical support for some departments of Tangshan City to make city planning, set down water pollution control plans of Luanhe River and Douhe River. Also, the result may have certain reference value for optimum planning of water pollution control system in other watersheds.更多还原