【作者】 张勇；

【导师】 阮平南；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 制造业是国民经济的物质基础和产业主体。无论科学如何进步,信息和互联网技术怎样发达,社会最终都要通过制造业来完成物品的加工生产和实现它的价值。从当前我国制造业创造的财富与价值和消耗资源与能源的情况看来,情况不容乐观:我国经济连续20年持续高速增长,但却是以高能耗为代价的,据统计,自改革开放以来,我国能源利用率低于世界先进水平10%,工业用水重复利用率低于世界先进水平25%,矿产资源总回收率低于世界先进水平20%。这种高能耗的粗放式发展模式,显然不适合我国可持续发展战略的要求。因此,寻求一种科学合理的、对环境友好的发展模式,并大力推广实施,是我国制造业的当务之急,关系到国民经济的健康发展与人民的安居环境。研究表明,绿色制造模式是一种符合可持续发展理念的发展模式,是符合我国经济、社会长远发展的必然选择。人类的经济活动与资源、能源系统的相互影响及相互作用,决定了绿色制造是一个复杂的系统,既受到外界环境因素的制约,同时又具有很强的主观能动性。绿色制造系统的有效运行,不仅取决于厂商所具备的技术条件和管理水平,国家的宏观政策及发展战略以及地区间的经济差异,而且取决于系统内部要素之间的结构和关系的协调程度。因此,研究绿色制造系统运行的规律,对于达到系统目标的要求,促进绿色制造模式的推广具有重要的意义。本文从研究制造业历史使命的演进过程入手,分析了各个历史阶段制造模式的特点,指出制造业历史使命的更替源于社会行为范式的改变,以及人类理性选择的结果。在此基础上,指出绿色制造模式是人类社会赋予制造业的新的历史使命所决定的具有可持续性的制造模式。本文通过分析当前我国企业实施绿色制造模式的现状,指出绿色制造模式的实施是一个很复杂的问题。运用经济学中的外部性理论,以及“代际公平”理论阐释了绿色制造模式实施困难的根源所在。从系统的角度出发,从政府、企业、消费者三方面指出了推广实施绿色制造模式的三种主要的动力来源,并提出了确保实施的对策与建议。本文应用系统理论,从分析绿色制造系统的运行特点与规律入手,构建了绿色制造系统结构模型、绿色制造系统因果关系模型以及绿色制造系统动力学模型。本文通过建模的方法了解了影响绿色制造系统各因素的作用方式与机理,为更好地发挥绿色制造系统的功能,促进绿色制造模式的推广实施,以期产生更大的社会效益与生态效益,提供了有力的理论支持与决策依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Manufacturing is the basis of national economy & the main body of industry. No matter how scientific progress to be, what information & Internet technology develops, the society should achieve the goal that products be accomplished & realized its value via Manufacturing. The circumstance that the fortune and value created by Manufacturing & the consumption of natural resource & energy resource is not so good: Since the 20 years ago, China’s economy has been growing with a rapid speed, at the cost of a high consumption of energy. It’s said that since the revolution & opening reform, China’s using rate of energy is lower than 10% that is the world’s average level, the reusing rate of industrial water is lower than 25% that is the world’s advanced level, and the gross mine resource callback rate is lower than 20% that is the world’s advanced level. The expanding-development model, which consumes high-energy resource, is not the sustainable and doesn’t comply with our country’s condition. So finding and carrying out a scientific, reasonable, and kind-environment development model is the first thing to do, which relates to national economy’s healthier development and people’s safe life. Research indicates that Green Manufacturing Model is a sustainable development model that complies with the needs for society and economy’s future development.The relationship that impacts each other between people’s economic activities and energy resource systems, decides that Green Manufacturing is a complex system that is influenced by the environment factors and has much more ownership. The effective circulation of Green Manufacturing not only depends on the technical condition & management level, national macro policy & regional economy discrepancy, but also depends on the harmony of structure & relation between internal factors of Green Manufacturing System. Research on the circulation rule of Green Manufacturing System plays a great important role in the promotion for the system, and can achieve the system’s goal.This paper studies the evaluation course of Manufacturing’s historical mission firstly, analyses manufacturing model’s traits of each stage, and points out that the transition of the Manufacturing’s historical mission is due to that society pattern has changed and the result of people’s rational choices. Therefore, it indicates that Green Manufacturing model is a sustainable model, which is endowed with Manufacturing’s new historical mission by society.Through analyzing what the implementation of China’s Green Manufacturing models is, this paper points out that the implementation of Green Manufacturing model is not easy to do. Via External Theory in economics & Intergeneration Fair Theory, it explains the reason of the更多还原