【作者】 牛井冈；

【导师】 康万利；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油大学 ， 化学工艺， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对油田污水配聚问题,探讨了阴阳离子及矿化度对聚合物溶液黏度的影响;指出阴离子对聚合物溶液黏度没有影响,阳离子是引起聚合物溶液黏度损失的主要原因,应用双电层理论深入探讨了阳离子浓度、电荷数及阳离子半径对聚丙烯酰胺分子构型的影响。得出了阳离子对聚丙烯酰胺分子构型的影响规律。且通过流变曲线拟合,得出矿化度对聚合物溶液流变性影响表现为,矿化度越高,幂律指数越大,稠度系数越小。应用阳离子影响黏度机理解释了现场清水配聚和污水配聚黏度差异。同时探讨了油、悬浮物、细菌及几种处理剂对聚合物溶液黏度的影响,指出悬浮物、破乳剂、防垢剂、防蜡剂对聚合物溶液的黏度均无影响;油、细菌、絮凝剂和杀菌剂使聚合物溶液黏度略有下降。应用油田污水电渗析处理技术,探讨了油田污水处理的工艺参数。指出电流对电渗析器的运行过程影响大,操作时工作电流一定要小于极限电流。对于不同矿化度的污水,电渗析器的极限电流是不同的,矿化度为4861.4mg/L的油田污水适宜的最佳电流为17A;且电渗析操作过程中存在一个适宜的流量范围,本装置是在700L/h左右。得到了描述本实验设备的经验模型: i lim = 10.65V0.6994c;同时指出油田污水电渗析处理可以有效的去除污水中的离子,脱盐率大于80%,最终耗电量为1.7kWh/m3,最终水的电导率低于500μs/cm,具有可行性。并且利用多级处理能够更加有效的节省耗电量。电渗析器处理后的淡水可以大幅度的提高聚合物溶液的黏度,用于聚合物驱油;浓水用于低碱三元复合体系,具有良好的驱油效果.更多还原

【Abstract】 According to preparing polymer solution by oilfield produced water, the effect of ions and salinity on polymer solution viscosity was explored and discussed. Anions have no contribution to the reduction of polymer solution viscosity. Cations are the main reason of polymer solution viscosity loss. The effects of cation concentrations, charge numbers and cation radii on HPAM molecular configuration deeply explored and discussed by applying the mechanism of electrical double layer. The influencing rule of cations on HAPM molecular configuration was obtained. And the effect of salinity on the rheological characteristics of polymer solution was researched. Through matching rheological curve, the rheology parameters are calculated, the higher the salinity is, the smaller the consistency coefficient is, and the bigger the power law index is. Applying the mechanism of the effect of cation on viscosity , the difference of polymer solution viscosity from oilfield freshwater and produced water is explained. At the same time the effect of oil concentrations、impurity concentrations、bacteria and kinds of treating agents on polymer solution viscosity are researched. Impurity concentrations、demulsifers、anti-scaling additive and paraffin inhibitor have no influence on polymer solution viscosity; oil, bacteria, flocculant and bactericide can reduce the viscosity.The oilfield produced water that is disposed by electrodialysis is researched in the laboratory. The technological parameters are explored and discussed. The current is very important for the running process of electrodialysis. So the operating current must be less than limiting current. The limiting current is different for different concentration water. The optimum operating current is 17A for the oilfield produced water which salinity is 4861.4mg/L, optimum flow rate is 700L/h. i lim = 10.65V0.6994cof the empirical model which describe the experiment machine is gained. The electrodialysis can lower the salinity more, and also can wipe off all ions. The desalting rate is more 80% and the ultimate power consum0ption is only 1.7kWh/m3, the ultimate conduct efficiency is less than 500μs/cm. So it is feasible for the electrodialysis to dispose oilfield water. That the multiple-step processing can save the power consumption is pointed out, and the better desalinization effect is obtained. The low-salinity water can increase the polymer solution viscosity more and can be used in the polymer flooding. The high-salinity water is used in Low-alkali-concentration ASP system and increase oil displacement efficiency.更多还原