【作者】 唐巍；

【导师】 叶东；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 机器视觉由于具有使用范围广、测量精度高、操作简便灵活等优点,被广泛应用在导弹、卫星、飞机等大型武器设备结构件的三维测量中。基于红外LED的光学测棒是大空间三维视觉测量系统的成像目标,也是影响系统测量精度的关键因素之一。因此,视觉系统对光学测棒的控制提出了严格的技术要求。针对这些要求,提出了对光学测棒上红外LED亮度的优化控制技术,设计和实现了光学测棒的各项功能。这对于提高整个视觉系统的测量精度很有意义。在本文中,将光学测棒的设计分成硬件和软件两大部分;硬件部分实现光学测棒控制电路的各项功能;软件部分主要分析和设计主控机中与光学测棒相关的控制软件。光学测棒硬件控制电路划分为:LED驱动电路、单片机控制、按键触发和数据通信四个功能模块。以MAX7315专用LED驱动芯片实现了红外LED驱动电路;用STR-6无线模块实现了无线串行通信,并设计了有线与无线灵活转换的通信方式;通过调控多个红外LED驱动模块,构建了光学特征点网;使用Wave6000T仿真器规划设计了作为控制电路核心的PIC16F73B单片机的控制流程。光学测棒控制软件划分成:串口通信、摄像机曝光时间调节、图像采集、图像特征点提取和光学特征点亮度调节五个功能模块。定义了各个模块的功能和实现方法,并针对整体的调节和控制过程中各模块的应用设计出人机交互式界面。实验验证了光学测棒硬件控制电路驱动和调节红外LED的功能;实现了快速、准确、灵活的数据通信;光学测棒控制软件实现了图像采集、像机曝光时间调节、特征点提取、特征点亮度调节等功能;最终的实验结果表明整个优化设计达到了预期的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Computer vision has been widely used in the 3D measurement of workpieces in large weapons such as guided missiles, panzers and airplanes, for its wide measurement range, high degree of accuracy, simpleness and flexibility of manipulation. Optical probe based on infrared LED, used as the object of imaging of the large-space 3D vision measurement system, is also one of key factors that affect the accuracy of the system. Strict technical requests for the control of optical probe are put forward by the vision system. According to these requests, the technique for optimal control infrared LEDs ,which are fixed on optical probe, was put forward, and all functions of the optical probe are realized, which is very significative for the measurement accuracy of the vision system.In this paper, the design of the optical probe is divided into two parts including hardware and software. In hardware part, all kinds of functions on the control circuit of optical probe are achieved, while the operation software related to the optical probe is analyzed and designed in the other part. The control circuit of the probe has been divided into four modules, namely, infrared LED drive circuit module, monolithic processor control module, keys trigger module and data communication module. The MAX7315 specific chip is used for driving Infrared LED. One kind of wireless module named STR-6 is used to realize the wireless communication, and the flexible mode which can concert wired communication into wireless one is devised. Optical feature points network is constructed, through the regulation of several infrared LED drive module. The flow of PIC16F73B monolithic processor, which is considered as the core of the control circuit, is designed by using Wave6000T emulator. Similarly, the control software of optical probe is separated into several modules, which are serial-port communication module, adjusting the time of camera exposure module, image collection module, extraction of feature points module and adjusting the brightness of feature points module. Their functions and the relevant ways of their realization are defined and the interface of alternation between human and computer is designed for the application of each module in the process of adjusting and control.更多还原