【作者】 刘军；

【导师】 庞宝君； 管公顺；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 人机与环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类航天活动的增加,低地球轨道的空间碎片问题日益突出。这些人造天体在空间以平均10km/s的速度运动,相对于航天器的速度更高。与航天器一旦相遇,将发生严重的撞击。这类撞击属于超高速碰撞的范畴,后果极其严重,可能导致航天器部分功能的失效甚至任务终止,对于载人航天来讲,还对乘员的人身安全形成严重威胁。由于上述原因,长寿命、高可靠性、安全性要求的航天器在发射之前,就应该进行防护设计。Whipple防护是最基本的防护方案,而撞击极限方程则是评价防护方案的重要形式。设计一个得到撞击极限方程的实验方案是本文主要研究内容,本文按照下述内容展开。首先,通过对超高速撞击特性进行分析,详细考察了薄板穿孔、碎片云特性、中厚板成坑及双层板的撞击特性,对薄板穿孔特性进行数值模拟,并总结了国内外一些穿孔和成坑公式。其次,设计出Whipple防护结构撞击极限方程的实验方案。一是把防护结构分成防护屏和舱壁两层单板分别研究其撞击效应,再结合在一起作为整体结构研究;二是把防护结构作为整体结构,在舱壁后面放观测板,通过测量舱壁和观测板的损伤来描述弹丸破坏程度,观测板的形式分为一层中厚板和多层薄板。最后,通过已有的实验数据结合数值模拟得到的数据,用多元线性回归的方法得到拟合的撞击极限方程,并对拟合出的方程的线性关系进行显著性检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increase of the human aerospace activities, the impacts of space debris in the LEO become more and more serious. The man-made celestial bodies move with hypervelocity of 10 km/s and the relative with spacecraft are higher. If a spacecraft encounters them, the damage is fatal. This impact is attributed to the hypervelocity impact, which leads to very serious aftereffects, can result in the failure of partial functions of the spacecraft and even the termination of the whole missions. One more the impacts will threaten the safety of the astronauts for manned aerospace. With above reasons such as long operational lifetime, high reliability and security requirement, spacecraft should design shield as protection. Whipple shield is the most basic protect scheme, and ballistic limit equation is an important form to evaluate the protect scheme. Design a ballistic limit equation scheme is the kernel part of the research and the main body of the thesis. The study is unfolded as the below:First, analyze the hypervelocity impact character, particular seeing about thin plate perforation, debris cloud character, thick plate crater, double plate impact feature, and take numerical simulation for thin plate perforation. Then sum up intestine and outside formulary about perforation and crater.Then, design and obtain the experiment scheme whipple shield configuration ballistic limit equation. First divides the protection structure into the bumper and the rear wall, separately study the impact effect of two plates, the recombination is taking together the overall construction research; secondly, the protection structure took the overall construction, puts the witness plate behind the rear wall, through surveys the real wall and the witness plate damage traces narrates the projectile destructiveness, the form of witness plate are one layer thick plate or multilayered thin plates.Finally, through the empirical datum union with the simulation datum, obtains the ballistic limit equation with the method of multiple linear regressions, and to the fitted equation carries linear relations significance test.更多还原