【作者】 曹志文；

【导师】 丁振良；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 仪器科学与技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 三维姿态测量系统中,由激光器发出指示光束,照射至二边的屏幕上,由屏幕上的光斑位置反映出目标的各姿态角。而指示激光器的直线性是整个测量系统的保证,本文所要解决的主要问题就是对激光器的直线性进行校准。国内外直线度测量的方法有很多,本文分析和比较了传统的直线度测量方法,采用了基于精密导轨的测量方法。现在直线度的测量方法多数是对一条直线的直线度进行测量,本文所要解决的主要问题是两束激光的直线性校准,首先要分别对两束激光器的直线性校准,然后将两束激光调到一条直线上,这也是设计中的重点问题。设计的原理是以精密导轨作为直线基准,成对的二支指示激光器发出的指示光束应成一直线。先用摄像机在一端接收激光器发出的光斑,并记录光斑的位置,求出其质心,然后在导轨上移动激光器,调节顶丝,直到摄像机上的光斑位置不动为止,然后将激光器移到导轨另一端,让激光器在导轨上滑动,调节顶丝,直到摄像机上光斑位置不变,而且与前一次测试时的位置在误差允许的范围内,则认为激光器直线性校准完毕。硬件部分主要完成了激光器及其支架、衰减片组、透镜组和数字相机的结构设计;软件部分主要完成了图像的采集和质心的求取;最后进行了直线性校准实验,并对实验过程进行了误差分析,提出了减小误差的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the system of tridimensional attitude measurement, the laser beams laser beams, and then shoot to the screen and the attitude of object can be calculated by the light-spot on the screen. The linearity of laser beams is the guaranty of the whole system, to calibrate the linearity of laser beams is the primary problem in the paper.There are many methods about straightness measurement in and abroad. After the traditional methods of straightness measurement are analyzed and compared, the measurement based on the precise guide rail is adopted. The methods of straightness measurement are mostly about a line, but the straightness of couple lasers is the mainly problem in the system. First the couple laser beams should be calibrated separately. Then, the couple laser beams should be aligned, and it is the most important problem in the design.The principle of the reference line design is based on the precise guide rail. The laser beams of the couple lasers should be aligned. First, we can use a camera to take over the laser beam at one end, record the position of the light-spot, and calculate the centroid of the light-spot, then, move the laser on the guide rail. We should rectify the screw until the position of light-spot is unchangeable. Then, the camera should be moved to the other end of the guide rail. We should move the laser on the guide rail, and rectify the screw until the position of the light-spot is unchangeable and the same position with the first time, and then, the straightness calibration of the laser is accomplished.The design of the laser and its bracket, neutral density filters, lens, and digital camera are complete in the hardware design; the image collection and centroid calculation are complete in the software design; and the experiment of straightness calibration is accomplished. The possible errors are analyzed about the whole system, and some methods to decrease the errors are put forward.更多还原