【作者】 方怡；

【导师】 朱跃；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 言语行为理论是语用学中一个非常重要的理论。它是由英国哲学家奥斯汀在20世纪50年代末提出的。奥斯汀的学生塞尔进一步发展了该理论。其中塞尔对言外行为的分类将在本文中用于语言材料的分析。塞尔将言外行为分成阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类和宣告类五大类。在社会语言学中，性别差异的研究是一个重要的方面。国内外学者都对女性语言特色进行了研究，并在语音、词汇、句法、语体以及语用方面做出了总结。 本文作者在进行文献搜索时发现过去的工作主要集中于理论研究，而且大部分都是对英语使用中的性别差异的研究。相比较而言，在中国无论是对英语还是对汉语本身的性别差异所作的研究略显不足。本文的创新点体现在：第一，将塞尔对言外行为的五大分类运用于语言材料分析；第二，对两位颇具影响力的中美女作家的经典之作中的女主人翁的言语作个案研究，并在此基础上进行英汉对比。本文的目的就是检验已有的关于女性语言特色的结论，并且将语言材料分析的结果用于英汉对比。 本文将从美国女作家伊迪丝·华顿的小说《纯真年代》和中国女作家张爱玲的小说《半生缘》中收集语言材料。这两位女作家有着非常相似的家庭背景和人生经历，而且所选的两部小说的结构安排以及女主人翁的遭遇也极其相似，所以从这两部小说中收集的语言材料极具可比性。根据塞尔对言外行为的分类，本文将《纯真年代》中的女主人翁艾伦和《半生缘》中的女主人翁曼桢说的话语分成了六大类，其中宣告类空缺。对于那些无法归入塞尔的五大类的话语，笔者特地设立了一个新的类别——综合类。所以，语言材料最终的分类是：阐述类、指令类、承诺类、表达类和综合类。综合类中的话语大多数都是疑问句。在分析语言材料时运用了“句次”这一概念，主要是计算相关语言现象的出现频率。由于所作的是文本分析，无法进行语音方面的分析研究，所以本文只对英语和汉语作词汇和句法两方面的分析对比。 语言材料分析的结果用于两个方面： 第一，检验现有的关于女性语言特色的论述。检验的结果表明已有的结论得到了部分论证。在英语方面，得到论证的结论有：女性喜欢使用强势语；女性喜欢使用情态动词；女性较少使用双重情态动词和多重否定句。汉语方面只有一点得到了论证：女性喜欢用语气词。另外，语言材料分析的结果中还有三个值得注意的现象：大多数更多还原

【Abstract】 Speech Act Theory is a very important theory in pragmatics. It was founded by the British philosopher J. Austin in 1950s and was developed by Searle. In this paper, Searle’s classification of illocutionary act will be applied to analyze language data. Searle classifies illocutionary act into assertives, directives, commissives. expressives and declarations. In sociolinguistics, the study of gender differences in language use constitutes one very important aspect. Scholars both abroad and at home have made researches on female features in language use and have drawn conclusions mainly in the aspects of phonology, lexis and syntax.In the process of the literary survey, it was found that in the past study most efforts were made to study the theory. And most of the researches were done in the gender differences in English. Comparatively, the researches in Chinese are considerably inadequate. The originalities of this paper are: (1) This paper makes a contrastive study of the female features in language use on the basis of a case study of two typical heroines in two classical novels written by two influential female American and Chinese writers. (2) Searle’s classification of illocutionary act is applied to the classification of language data. The purpose of this paper is to check the previous conclusions and to make a contrastive study of the English and Chinese female language features.This paper collects language data from the English novel The Age of Innocence written by the female American writer Edith Wharton and the Chinese novel Banshengyuan by the female Chinese writer Zhang Ailing. The two female writers share similar family background and life experiences. Moreover, the structures and the heroines’ stories in the two novels are quite alike. Therefore, the language data are comparable. The speeches of the heroines’ in these two novels are classified into six categories, but Searle’s declaration category lacks. And the comprehensive category is specifically designed for those speeches that do not belong to any of the categories made by Searle. So, the final categories are assertives, directives, commissives, expressives and comprehensives. The comprehensive更多还原