【作者】 单秀莉；

【导师】 王青；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 口腔临床医学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 研究背景 因创伤、肿瘤、感染等各种原因造成的牙槽骨及颌骨缺损、缺失临床上十分常见，目前常用的修复方法有自体骨移植、异体或异种骨移植、人工合成代用品等，但这些方法都存在着各自的不足，如供体来源不足、免疫排斥反应等，不能完全满足临床需要。随着细胞生物学的迅猛发展和组织工程理论的日臻完善，组织工程技术为颌骨缺损修复开辟了全新的途径。 骨组织工程的基本原理是：取少量的种子细胞，将其体外扩增达到需要的数量后种植于天然的或人工合成的具有良好生物相容性和生物降解性的细胞外基质材料上，经过三维立体培养，形成细胞生物材料复合物后回植体内，支架材料上的细胞继续生长、增殖，分泌细胞外基质(ECM)形成骨组织，而支架材料逐步降解，达到修复骨缺损和重建功能的目的。骨组织工程由种子细胞，支架材料(ECM)，细胞／支架复合体的构建三个关键因素组成。 选择来源丰富、容易扩增的理想的种子细胞是骨组织工程研究的重点及前提。目前组织工程种子细胞的研究主要集中在胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells，ESC)和成体干细胞(adult stem cells，ASC)。胚胎干细胞存在着伦理、法律及免疫排斥反应等问题，目前难以用于临床。骨髓基质干细胞(bone marrow stromal cells，BMSCs)是至今研究得最为广泛的成体干细胞之一。体内、体外实验均证明，BMSCs具有多向分化潜能，在不同的诱导环境下能向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、肌肉细胞、神经细胞及心肌细胞等定向分化；BMSCs在体外扩更多还原

【Abstract】 Research SurroudingsBone defects due to trauma or tumor are very common in clinical practice. There have been some methods to repair bone defects by now, such as bone autograft, allograft and prefabricate substitute. But these methods have their own disadvantages respectively, such as limited source, immunological rejection, inflammation and can’t meet the need of perfect reconstruction. Researchers are seeking a ideal method to reconstruction bone defects. Along with the development and consummation of tissue engineering, the technique of tissue engineering is currently held promising to solve this problem, provides a fire-new replication for bone defects.Bone tissue engineering generally combines three key elements: seeding cells , scaffolds (matrix), and fabrication of tissue engineering bone.It is the emphases and precondition to choose ideal seeding cells which is rich resources and easy to proliferate in the bone tissue engineering. With the rapid development of cell biological and consummate of tissue engineering theory, the study of seeding cells is focus on embryonic stem cells (ES) and adult stem cells ( ASC) . But ES exists some problems such as ethic, law and immunological rejection . Bone marrow stroma cells(BMSCs) are one of the ASC that have been investigated widely. BMSCs have mutiple differentiation in vitro and in vivo .They have been induced into更多还原