农村公共产品供给的制度困境与重构

【作者】 王小宁；

【导师】 楚成亚；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 行政管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 农村公共产品的有效供给是农村可持续发展的基础。当前，我国农村公共产品供给制度存在很大的弊端，已经成为制约农村发展的瓶颈。已有研究对政府作为单一主体提供农村公共产品存在的缺陷以及带来的问题进行了反思，但对于如何引入其他主体来提供农村公共产品，目前的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文深入分析了农村公共产品供给制度的历史演进和存在的缺陷，并解释了这些缺陷产生的根源。同时，尝试用政治学、经济学和新公共管理的相关理论，结合案例的实证分析，构建一种多元化的制度安排，来解决农村公共产品供给中存在的问题。 本文的内容和结论主要包括以下几个方面： 第一章和第二章主要是对已有研究的回顾与评价，以及对农村公共产品供给制度的相关界定。 第三章是对我国农村公共产品供给制度的历史分析。将我国农村公共产品供给制度的变迁划分为人民公社、税费改革前和改革后三个时期，通过分析，认为这三个时期农村公共产品供给制度虽然在形式上发生了某些变化，但是决策制度和筹资制度的某些特征却延续下来，形成了一种路径依赖。 第四章是对我国农村公共产品供给制度的缺陷与成因分析。认为决策制度的缺陷主要是决策权的高度集中与农民决策权的缺失，这种决策制度是由我国的政治制度与决策者对农民的偏见造成的。筹资机制的缺陷是成本分摊的不公平，制度内资金不足，制度外资金泛滥。其根源是我国财政制度与税收制度设计的缺陷，中央与地方在财权与事权的分配上不对称。中央政府与农村基层政府互相需要，默认了农村基层政府的制度外财政行为，造成农民的负担和公共产品供给的缺乏。税费改革不能从根本上解决农村公共产品的供给问题。 第五章和第六章是我国农村公共产品供给制度的重构。借鉴西方公共产品供给的相关理论，分析我国农村公共产品多中心决策、多主体供给和多元化筹资的可能性。认为政府、私人、企业、农村社区和民间组织都可以成为农村公共产品的供给主体。通过解读多个案例，证明农村公共产品可以由政府、私人(企业)直接供给，也可以由政府与私人(企业)合作、政府与民间组织合作以及农民自组织供给等不同的方式供给，各种供给方式分别具有自己的适用范围，形成一种多元化的制度安排。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effective supply of rural public products is the foundation of countryside sustainable development At present, the supply system of rural public products has serious defect and it has become the bottleneck of rural areas’ development Up to now, studies have mainly focused on analyzing the situation of rural public product supply. Meanwhile, problems raised under the context that government has been the sole supplier has been rethought However, as for how to bring in other suppliers, there has been no ideal answer yet This thesis analyzed the historical progress and existing disadvantages in the supply system of rural public products. The reasons for these disadvantages were explained, too. Then, using related theories in politics, economics and new public management and after some case studies, the author tried to establish a kind of diverse mechanism to solve the problems. This is the innovation of the thesis.The structure and conclusions of the thesis are as follows:Chapter one and chapter two provided a review of the existing literature and some descriptions about the supply system of rural public products.Chapter three analyzed Chinese supply system of rural public products historically. It can be divided into three stages: the people’s commune period, before and after taxation system reformation periods. This chapter argued that certain characteristics of decision-making and fund-raising mechanisms remained during the three stages and "path dependency" has formed.Chapter four discussed the defects and causes of the supply system. The defect of the decision-making mechanism is the highly centralized decision-making rights without peasants taking part in, and it was caused by Chinese political regime and discrimination against peasants. The defect of fund-raising mechanism is the unfair cost share, which is caused by Chinese finance and taxation system. Financing from outside burdened peasants and lacked the supply of public products. This problem can’t be worked out by tax-and-due reform. Chapter five and chapter six reconstructed Chinese supply system. With reference of western theories about public goods supply, the author believed that it is likely to establish a更多还原