论我国城市更新中的问题及治理

【作者】 刘忠华；

【导师】 姜杰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 行政管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随经济发展和全面建设小康社会的推进，我国城市化和城市现代化日益加速。城市更新不仅承载着城市历史文明的延续与现实发展，还集中体现着城市社会各阶层利益的矛盾与冲突。我国的城市更新，因其过程中的“推倒重来、大拆大建、政绩工程”等问题而充满争议和矛盾，从而成为我国城市化和城市现代化过程中广为社会关注的焦点。 城市的整个历史是一部逐渐更新史，城市更新是每个城市发展过程中的一种不可避免的必然现象。城市更新理论在近代西方国家经历了曲折而漫长的认知过程。工业革命后到后工业化前夕，从以“形体决定论”为主导思想的大规模的、激进式的物质性更新，奥斯曼的巴黎改建计划，霍华德的田园城市，勒·柯布西埃“明日的城市”以及沙里宁的有机疏散理论都是这一时期对城市更新的探索；从后工业化时期人们对城市更新的认识逐渐从以前的非理性阶段转向了理性阶段。以简·雅柯布和刘易斯·芒福德为代表的一大批学者开始反思非理性城市更新，倡导城市更新的理性、人性化和有机性。此外，从关于城市更新的国际会议的主流行为和英美两国城市更新的法规政策演变上也能够发现西方城市更新理论的发展趋向，从大规模兴建城市道路、城市广场、市政设施的方式来解决城市的卫生和拥挤问题，到反对城市更新中的大拆大建，保持城市的多样性，再到注重城市生态，以人为中心，承接城市的发展文脉。 进入90年代后，我国的城市更新以空前的规模和速度展开。城市产业结构调整，投资方式的转变，行政体制的改革，房地产开发的较高利益，居民对城市生活的高期望值，以及城市间竞争的加剧，这些都成功而有力地推动着城市更新的开展。 本文围绕着目前我国城市更新中主要存在的三大问题展开了讨论。一是产生了大量的形象工程问题。形象工程急功近利脱离实际，造成大量工程拖欠款。将本应用来改善破旧地区的款项兴建实用价值不大的形象工程，牺牲弱势群体的利益，严重浪费了大量的经济社会资源。二是扭曲社会关系和利益结构，催生社会的不稳定因素。在实际拆迁过程中，居民往往会在经济、邻里社会关系等方面受到损害，甚至造成社会矛盾与冲突。三是城市文脉断裂，城市特色消失。名胜古迹遭损，盲目毁旧建新，不注重保护城市原有的历史风貌，造成千城一面。 这些问题的产生有其深刻的原因：第一，文化观念和城市管理者的素质。在现实的更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the rapid development of China’s economy and building a moderately prosperous society in promoting a comprehensive, The urban renewal not only the load bearing city historical civilization and the reality development, but also concentrates manifests the social various social strata benefit contradiction and the conflict.The entir urban history is one renewal history,and the urban renewal is one of inevitable inevitable phenomenon in each urban development process. Urban renewal in the modem theory of the Western countries has a experienced tortuous and lengthy cognitive process. After the industrial revolution to the eve of industrialization, from a "physical determinism" - oriented thinking massive and radical style material updated Ottoman Paris alterations, the Pastoral Howard city Kebuxiai Le, "the city’s tomorrow," and the sand Ning organic theory is the evacuation of the urban renewal period of exploration; From the post-industrial era is the gradual awareness of urban renewal from the previous phase of a gradual shift to the irrational rational stage. By Jan·Elegant Ke Bu and Louise·Mumford start for representative’s one large quantities of scholars to reconsider the non- rational city renews, initiates the rationality which the city renews, the human nature and organic. In addition , the international conference mainstream behavior and the laws and regulations policy about the city in English and America also can discover the western city renewal theory the development. From the massive construction of urban roads, Town Plaza, municipal facilities to address the health and crowded cities, to oppose the big urban renewal demolition lunar month of thirty days, and maintain the diversity of urban, to focus on urban ecology, human-centred, taking urban development.After enters 90’s, urban renewal launches by the unprecedented scale and the speed in our country. Urban industrial restructuring , the pattern of investment changing, the reform of the administrative system, the higher interests of real estate development, urban residents’ high living expectations, and inter-city competition intensifying, these are successful and powerful impetus to the launching of urban renewal.This article revolved the three major problems existence urban renewal in our country at更多还原