制度创新与科技创新

【作者】 张国栋；

【导师】 刘陆鹏；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 当今中国加快体制改革和科技创新的伟大实践使我们有相当的必要来探讨制度创新与科技创新的关系。 马克思、新制度学派及熊彼特等对制度、科技、创新及制度创新、科技创新的内涵、作用及地位都有着深刻的认识和论述。在当代中国，制度创新和科技创新更是具有前所未有的地位和重要性。 马克思和新制度学派对制度创新与科技创新的关系均给予了充分的重视。马克思本人并没有一个明确的关于制度创新和科技创新的概念，但是他通过对生产力和生产关系对立统一关系的分析，从哲学的高度解决了制度创新与科技创新之间相互依存、相互促进的辩证关系。新制度学派则以相对价格、私人收益率、社会收益率等概念为基础论证了二者的互动关系。在思考过程中，马克思与新制度学派论证的视域和立场都是不同的。 实践是人的存在方式，人类社会的历史就是人的实践活动的历史。人类社会的一切现象，包括制度与科技，都是实践活动的产物。由实践产生的制度及其创新与科技及其创新正是在实践的基础上，以实践为中介实现作用的。 制度以其约束功能与激励功能作用于实践尤其是生产实践，影响和制约科技创新。产权制度集中体现了制度的两个基本功能，它对于科技创新的影响是巨大的。近代及至现代，产权制度都以其不可替代的功用促进了科技的创新。 在当代社会发展特别是当代中国社会发展中，制度创新重于科技创新。任何科技创新活动都要在制度约束下进行；制度创新关乎国家兴衰，当代中国的改革和发展与苏联的教训正反两方面的比较给予我们重大的启示；科技创新是一柄双刃剑，对其正面效用的高扬和负面效用的限制，要靠制度创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 The great practice of advancing institutional reformation and scientific innovation in contemporary China makes it necessary to investigate the relationship between institutional innovation and scientific innovation.Marx, Neo-Institutional School, and Schunpeter have made great contributions as regards the concepts of institution, science & technology and innovation. Also, they have profound discussions about the implications, influences and status of institutional innovation and scientific innovation. At present, institutional innovation and scientific innovation are of unprecedented significance to China.Marx and Neo-Institutional School put a strong emphasis on the relationship between the institutional innovation and scientific innovation. Although Marx doesn’t have an explicit concept of institutional innovation and scientific innovation, he solves the problem of the dialectic and inter-dependent relationship between institutional innovation and scientific innovation at a philosophical level through an analysis of the opposing yet unifying relationship between force of production and relations of production. In contrast, the Neo-Institutional School argues for the dynamic relationship between the two innovations on the basis of relative price, private profit rate and social profit rate, etc. Marx and the Neo-Institutional School have different visions and stances.Practice is the mode of human existence. The history of human society is also the history of human practices. All the phenomena in human society, including institution, science and technology, are the products of practices. Practice is the medium through which institution and science and technology influence each other.Institution makes use of its functions of constraining and stimulating to influence on practice, esp. production practice, and for that matter to influence and constrain scientific innovation. The institution of property rights embodies two basic functions of institution and it has great influence on scientific innovation. From modern times to contemporary era.In the development of contemporary society, esp., that of China, institutional innovation is more important that scientific innovation. Each and all scientific practices are constrained by institutions. Institutional innovation is essential to the prosperity of a country. In this respect, we have learned positive experience from reformation of China as well as negative lessons from the disintegration of USSR. The comparisons between the two inspire our thinking a lot. Scientific innovation is a double edged sword. To promote its positive effects and constrain its negative effects depends on institutional innovation.更多还原