济南市资本主义工商业的社会主义改造研究

【作者】 李丹莹；

【导师】 董宝训；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 建国初期所进行的对资本主义工商业全面的社会主义改造，是中国共产党在过渡时期“创造性地”开辟的“一条适合中国特点的社会主义改造的道路”，经过了一系列从低级到高级的国家资本主义的过渡形式，最后“取得了极大的成功”，当然其中也存在着一些“缺点和偏差”。 济南的商贸历史较为悠久，上世纪初便已成为鲁、豫、晋三省货物集散地和华北地区重要的区域贸易市场，是全省的工业中心。解放后，在中共济南市委、市政府的领导下，对资本主义工商业进行了社会主义改造，主要经历了三个阶段：(1)1949年到1953年，调整工商业和国家资本主义初级形式发展阶段。(2)1954年到1955年，有计划、有步骤的扩展公私合营阶段。(3)1956年，全行业公私合营和经济改组阶段。但是，“济南市的资本主义工商业的社会主义改造”的专题研究，迄今尚属“空白”。因此本文立足史实，实事求是，把济南市的资本主义工商业的社会主义改造这一历史事件还原到其特定的社会历史背景之下进行考察，注重从中汲取经验和教训，以资政现实。并力图通过对“济南市的工商业社会主义改造研究”这一斑，来略窥“建国初期的工商业社会主义改造”之全貌。 通过研究，笔者认为，“济南市工商业的社会主义改造”，有其积极的社会意义，但也存在着一些不容忽视的问题：(1)过分强调政治力量，用行政手段干涉经济发展的客观规律，以“提高思想觉悟”代替“实际利益分配”的做法伤害了一部分群众的生产劳动积极性。(2)在改造过程中急于求成，对资本主义企业和资产阶级分子的改造流于形式和说教。(3)未能正确地区分剥削者和劳动者，“以政代法”的现象时有出现，公民人身权利未能得到充分、有效的保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 In early statehood, the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce overall, is "a socialist transformation road suited to Chinese characteristics",which was opened "creatively" by Communist party of China during the transitional period. It’s a series from junior to senior national capitalist forms of transition, and finally "a great success"which of course there were some "shortcomings and bias".Jinan has a long history of commerce. At the beginning of the last century, it has become the goods distribution of Shandong, Henan,and Shanxi and the important regional trade market of North China. And it’s the industrial center of Shandong. After liberation, under the leadership of the Jinan municipal Party Committee and municipal government, the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce had been done. It mainly experienced three stages : (1) 1949 to 1953, stage of adjusting industry and commerce and the primary form of national capitalism. (2) 1954 to 1955, stage of the planned and systematic expansion of the joint state-private ownership. (3) 1956, stage of the joint state-private ownership of the whole industry and commerce and restructuring economic. However, the study of "socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in Jinan City", is still "blank" to date. Therefore, this paper bases on the facts and investigates the Jinan City’s socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce under its specific social and historical background,in order to learn lessons and take political realities. And it’s a shortcut to research the "socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in early statehood".Through research, the author believes that the "socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in Jinan City"is a positive social significance, but there are some problems that can not be overlooked : (1) It overemphasized on the political forces and used administrative means to interfere in the objective law of economic development. The approach that "to raise their political consciousness"replaced the "actual distribution of benefits" hurt the productive labor enthusiasm of a part of the masses. (2) People required a quick success in the transformation process. The transformation of capitalist enterprises and bourgeois elemented form and preaching. (3) The policy makers failed to correctly distinguish between laborers and exploiters.The phenomenon of "policy replacing law"occurred sometimes. And the personal rights of citizens could not be fully and effectively protected.更多还原