论我国城市管理中的公共权力与公平

【作者】 孙晓红；

【导师】 姜杰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 行政管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国城市化进程和城市现代化步伐的逐渐加快，人口与资源在全国范围内重新分化和重新配置。城市化，引起农村人口和各项经济、社会、文化资源向城市加速聚集，直接表现为原有城市的扩大和新城市的崛起。城市现代化，引起的旧城改造、设施更新、拆迁与扩建，使城市原有居民急剧分化，城市资源重新配置，改变了城市的面貌。城市化与城市现代化两股洪流交汇一起，在突显主流发展成就、重视效率提高与城市管理重要地位的同时，也造成了城市内部的公平失衡，导致城市强弱群体之间的差距不断拉大，城市发展进程中潜伏着重重危机和矛盾。 城市内部财富与收入的“两极化”，住房和医疗等资源配给的不公平，以及机会、权利与规则的不平等，逐渐形成了不同的强弱群体分化。强势群体不仅占据着经济、政治、社会和文化等各种资源，也主导了城市生活的主旋律；而弱势群体不断遭受权益的损失、尊严的践踏和社会的边缘化，他们承担了过多的改革代价却没有得到应有的补偿。严格的群体界限日益割裂着城市社会成员的思想意识，群体文化进而形成，城市社会日益滋生“崇强弃弱”的诱导。繁荣的城市发展景象背后孕育了弱势群体的不满情绪，危害着城市社会稳定的基础，给城市发展带来诸多的社会问题和巨大隐患。 城市政府作为公共权力的代表，应谋求最大多数人的公共利益，缩小强弱差距，追求社会和谐。但因我国社会转型期的特殊背景，政府职能的错位和缺位，政治生活的精英化传统，再分配体制的缺陷以及民主、监督制度和法律体系的不完善等，使城市部分公共权力以其主导地位，在城市管理中有意或无意地制造出大量的不公平现象。部分公权的助强抑弱以恶性方式加剧了市场和竞争带来的必然差距，将市场机制失灵而制造不公平产品的功能推向了极端。公共权力的异化和职能错位丧失了其应有的系统信任，扭曲了行政文化和价值观念，动摇着城市政府“合法性”的社会根基。这些存在于城市发展进程中的矛盾和问题，对我国城市的健康、和谐与持续发展构成了潜在的威胁。 因此，我们必须借鉴西方发达国家先进的城市管理理论和经验，强化塑造城市管理中的公平理念，建立科学有效的公共权力结构与合作体系；不断推动非营利组织发展，健全监督体系，推进法制建设，扩大公民参与，以民主化矫正部分公共权力的偏离。这对提高我国城市竞争力和城市管理的科学与效率，实现社会秩序的良好运转具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the process of urbanization and urban modernization accelerating gradually in China, population and resources are re-divided and re-configured throughout the country. Urbanization has led to the rural population and resources of economic, social and cultural to gather in the city increasingly, reflecting directly in the expansion of existing cities and rise of new cities. Urban modernization has induced transformation of the old city, facilities renewal, removal and expansion, causing sharp division of the original inhabitants, reallocation of resources, and changes of landscape. Crossing together with two powerful units of urbanization and urban modernization, it highlights the development achievements, and pays attention to the efficiency raise and the importance of urban management At the same time, it has also caused an imbalance of equity, and a widening gap between the advantaged and the disadvantaged. The process of the urban management is hiding with heavy crises and contradictions.In the city, different groups are divided between the advantaged and the disadvantaged, such as the "polarization,, of wealth and incomes, the inequity of housing and medical resources distribution, and the unfairness of opportunities, rights and rules. Not only occupy the resources of economic, political, social and cultural, the advantaged dominate the main theme of urban life. And the disadvantaged are constantly suffering loss, the trample of dignity, and the marginalization of society. They bear too much cost of reform, but not have been given the due compensation. The strict limits of groups isolate the ideologies of social members in the city, and the group cultures take shape. It is increasingly breeding the inducement of "advocating the advantaged and abandoning the disadvantaged". Behind the prosperous scenes of urban development, it is pregnant with discontented mood of the disadvantaged, and endangers the foundation of social stability, and brings many social problems and great potential dangers.As a representative of public power, the city government should seek public interests for the overwhelming majority, and narrow the gap between the advantaged and the disadvantaged, and pursue the harmony of society. However, out of the special background in更多还原