论清末修律中的礼法之争

【作者】 张晓敏；

【导师】 林明；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 发生在1902年—1911年修订法律过程中的清末礼法之争，是以张之洞、劳乃宣为代表的礼教派和以沈家本、杨度为代表的法理派就修律的主要指导思想进行的争论。它对晚清法律制度的近代化转变和中国法律思想的发展产生了极其深刻的影响。本文详细介绍了礼法之争的过程、内容、双方主要代表人物的法律思想，分析了礼法之争的性质和产生根源，并揭示了其历史意义。 第一部分——清末修律的背景和主要指导思想。帝国主义的侵略使得中国社会的经济、政治和思想领域都发生了很大的变化，而且激化了各种社会矛盾。清政府为了维持其专制统治决定进行修律，并通过颁布一系列谕令确立了修律的主导思想：参考西方法制，维护中国传统礼教，二者发生冲突时以后者为基准。 第二部分——礼法之争的过程。文章依时间顺序和双方争论的主要内容把礼法之争分三个阶段来分析：《刑事民事诉讼法》引发的争议、《大清新刑律》引发的争议和国家主义与家族主义之争，具体介绍了争论的内容、发展过程和结果。 第三部分——双方代表人物的主要观点。主要介绍了张之洞、劳乃宣和沈家本的法律思想，分析了他们对中国传统法律的态度、对西方法律制度的认识和对中国法制改革的主张，并对他们的法律思想略作比较。 第四部分——礼法之争的性质。首先介绍了双方对礼法关系的争论。虽然礼教派主张礼法合一而法理派主张礼法分离，但是他们的根本目的却是一样的，都是为了更好的维护传统礼教。其次，分析了法理派修改刑律的思想基础。尽管以沈家本为代表的法理派在改革刑律时主张学习和引进西方的某些法律制度和法律原理，但其思想基础却是“仁政”思想，而不是以保障个人权利为出发点。最后得出结论，指出礼法之争的性质是统治集团内部关于法制改革的激进与渐进之争。 第五部分——礼法之争的产生根源。晚清中国的法律制度、法律文化与同时期的西方法律制度、法律文化分别处于法律发展的两个不同的阶段，其内容和精神有着很大的不同，清末礼法之争就是中西法律制度和法律文化冲突的直接表现。 第六部分——礼法之争的意义。本文从三个方面分析了清末礼法之争的历史意义：争论引起了社会广泛的关注，促进了西方法律思想在中国的传播；通过双方的争论和相互妥协，使得新制定的法律更具有社会适应性；争论所反映的问题对我们的法制现代化建设也有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Courtesy law battle of latter stage of Qing Dynasty took place in the course of constitutional reform(1902-1911), and it was a dispute about the main guidelines of the constitutional reform between Zhang zhidong、Lao Naixuan, the chief representatives of the Ethic Faction, and Shen Jiaben、Vang Du ,the chief representatives of the Law Faction .It had the extremely profound influence on the modernization of the Chinese traditional legal system and the development of the Chinese legal thoughts. This paper introduces the process and the content of the arguments, the representatives’ legal thoughts of both sides, the nature of the dispute, the reason caused the dispute, and its historical significance.The first part is the background and the main guidelines of the constitutional reform. The Chinese economics, politics and culture had a lot of changes with the invasion of the western capitalism. The conflicting of the social problems got serious, so the rulers decided to carry the legal reform in order to keep their rule rights. The rulers illustrated the main guidelines of the legal reform in a series of orders. It is referring to the western legal system and principles to repair our traditional law. But the premise is that they can not conflict with Chinese traditional ethics.The second part is the process of the argument The argument is divided into three departments according to occurring time and the controversial contents, the arguments about new civil litigation and criminal litigation law, the arguments about new Criminal law, and the arguments about Nationalism and Familism. This part introduces the contents, the process and the results of each departmentThe third part is the representatives’ legal thoughts of both sides. This part introduces and compares the thoughts of Zhang Zhidong, Lao Naixuan and Shen Jiaben in three aspects, the understanding of the Chinese tradition legal system, the understanding of the western legal system and the opinions about the Chinese legal system reform.The forth part is the nature of the Courtesy law battle of latter stage of Qing Dynasty. Firstly the paper introduces the arguments about the relations of the ethics and law. Although one insisted that law must combine with ethics, the other insisted that law must isolate from更多还原