【作者】 赵仪；

【导师】 陈兴才；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 虾青素Astaxanthin （3,3′-二羟基-4,4′-二酮基-β,β′胡萝卜素）,因具有出色的着色功能,及优良的营养保健功能正成为目前研究的热点。从虾壳中提取纯化虾青素,正是为综合利用我国丰富的虾壳资源,提高虾壳产品的附加值,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。本论文以海水养殖的大明虾虾仁加工废弃物为原料,研究了虾壳中虾青素的提取工艺,通过比较干燥法提取、酸预处理虾壳及酶解虾壳工艺对虾壳中虾青素提取量的影响,最终确定木瓜蛋白酶酶解虾壳为本实验的最佳处理方案。通过均匀试验设计建立木瓜蛋白酶酶解的数学模型,优化了酶解条件:当酶解温度为44.5℃、酶底比1.30%、pH为5.51,时间为92.6min时,每克湿虾壳含总类胡萝卜素可达63.059μg,以虾壳平均含水量进行换算,总类胡萝卜素提取量C可达281.01μg·g-1干重。每克提取量较干燥法的提取量提高39.5%。为提高虾青素产品的纯度,本实验还对虾青素酯进行皂化研究。比较了虾青素提取和皂化同时进行与提取后再进行皂化两种工艺。当虾青素提取与皂化同时进行时,NaOH、Na₂CO₃、NaHCO₃对虾壳色素有破坏作用,且碱性越强破坏性越大。通过均匀试验,建立虾青素酯皂化的数学模型,得出:当以NaOH浓度2.1 mol·l-1,皂化温度25.5℃,皂化时间30.5min为实验条件时,虾青素酯皂化后游离虾青素含量占总类胡萝卜素的83.71%。为进一步纯化虾青素,采用了薄层层析与吸附柱层析两种方法对皂化后的虾青素进行分离。经薄层层析后收集的游离虾青素样品经HPLC检测表明游离虾青素的纯度达到94.58%。收集吸附柱层析各色谱带样品,减压浓缩后,TLC检测,第9、10色谱带浓缩液均与标准样品具有相同Rf值。同时本论文对虾壳色素的稳定性进行研究,考查了光照、温度、pH及常见金属离子对虾壳色素稳定性的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to Astaxanthin’s （3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β′-carotene-4,4′-dione） excellent pigmentation and wonderful nutrition benefit, it is becoming a new research hotspot for more and more scientists. To extract astaxanthin from shrimp waste, we can fully utilize the rich resource of shrimp waste in our country, increase the added-value of shrimp waste, and benefit our economy and society as well.In experiments, shrimp waste has been used as experimential material,which came from the production of mariculture shrimp meat. The technology of extraction of astaxanthin has been studied, compared and contrasted the influences of 3 different extraction procedures: drying the shrimp waste, dealed with the waste by acid and hydrolyzed by papain on the extracting quantity of astaxanthin from per gram shrimp waste. Finally, It can be confirmed that hydrolyzed by papain is the best processing scheme. A math module has been built on enzyme hydrolyzation by uniform designing, meanwhile, optimized the condition of hydrolyzation, when temperature is 44.5℃, pHis 5.51, hydrolyzed time is 92.6min, E/S is 1.30%. The amount of total carotenoids is 63.059μg·g-1 wet wt, or 281.01μg·g-1dry wt, which exceeds the amount extracted by drying by 39.5 percent.In order to increase the purity of astaxanthin product, we studied on the saponification of astaxanthin esters and compared two procedures, one is carrying out saponification at the same time with extraction, the other one is saponification followed by extraction. The results showed that when saponification and extraction process together, NaOH or Na₂CO₃ or NaHCO₃ all could destroyed the pigmentation of shrimp waste, and the higher alkalinity it had, the stronger its destructiveness was. A math module has been built on saponification by uniform designing. Under the condition of the concentration of NaOH is 2.1 mol·l-1, 25.5℃and 30.5min saponification time, the amount of free astaxanthin saponification can reach 83.71 percent of the total amount of carotene.In order to further purify astaxanthin, two ways have been tried to separate astaxanthin after saponification. One is thin layer chromatogram, and the other is silica gel column chromatographic. The results of the former from RP-HPLC showed that更多还原