【作者】 甘正气；

【导师】 夏新华；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 宪法的司法保障制度,是宪法保障的重要制度之一,是国家通过司法机关和司法程序审查和裁决立法、行政是否违宪的制度。除司法保障制度以外的宪法的其他保障制度称之为宪法的非司法保障制度。1803年美国通过马伯里诉麦迪逊一案的判决确立了违宪审查制度即美国宪法的司法保障制度,在这之前美国宪法的保障制度没有司法性的内容。本文的研究限定在美国宪法生效到马伯里诉麦迪逊一案做出判决这一特定的时段,对此期间美国宪法的非司法保障制度进行系统的研究,分别介绍了美国宪法的自身保障、总统保障、国会保障和其他保障,探讨了这些制度的价值,指出美国宪法的非司法保障制度在为宪法实施提供良好的规范基础、追究违宪责任、维护宪法秩序和强化公众的宪法至上观念等方面的巨大作用,同时也分析了美国宪法的非司法保障制度的局限:它缺少关于宪法解释机关的内容,也没有规定何种机关有权宣布违宪的法律无效,但是即使存在这些局限,美国宪法还是较为顺利的度过了诞生之初充满危机的十四年,这就说明美国宪法的非司法保障是不容忽视的,本文的研究可以在一定程度上打破对于美国宪法的司法保障研究相当深入而对非司法保障的研究才刚刚起步的不均衡局面,消除违宪审查是美国宪法的唯一制度保障的错误认识,将一个全方位、多角度的立体保障制度呈现在世人面前,客观公正地评价非司法保障制度对美国宪政的贡献,弥补现阶段对美国的宪法保障制度研究的不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 The adjudicate on the case of Marbury V. Madison in 1803 established the judicial review system also called the judicial safeguard of American Constitution, before this adjudicate the system of constitutional safeguard of America was non-judicial. This thesis studied the period, which from the effective date of American Constitution to the judgment of Marbury V. Madison was given. The thesis introduced the constitutional itself safeguard, President safeguard, Congress safeguard and other safeguard. The thesis revealed the value of these systems and indicates the constitutional non-judicial safeguard of America provided good norms for the operation of constitution. The constitutional non-judicial safeguard of America is beneficial to prosecute unconstitutional liability, maintain the constitutional order and strengthen the citizen’s sense of supremacy of constitution and the authority of constitution. The thesis analyzed deficiencies of the constitutional non-judicial safeguard of America: it didn’t have an organ to interpret the constitution and didn’t entitle an organ the power of review of constitutionality. Despite these deficiencies, the Constitution of America operated favorably from 1788 to 1803.This fact showed the function of the constitutional non-judicial safeguard of America can’t be neglected. This thesis can change the situation that the research on the judicial safeguard of American Constitution is very intensive but the research of the constitutional non-judicial safeguard of America is very superficial in certain degree. This thesis can eliminate the wrong standpoint that the judicial review system is the sole constitutional safeguard .It remarked the constitutional non-judicial safeguard of America objectively and fairly and made up for the research of the constitutional safeguard of America.更多还原