胡适禅宗研究及其禅学思想述评

【作者】 张军；

【导师】 李广良；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 中国哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 胡适先生用怀疑精神和科学实证的态度及方法来研究禅宗，通过历史的脉络去把握禅，在历史的背景中去理解禅。他认为，中国佛教是印度佛教的中国化。禅宗是典型的中国化的佛教，并且是中国思想史和中国佛教史上的一场革命运动。中国禅是印度禅不同程度的老庄化。在佛教中国化的过程中，神会和尚担任了极其重要的作用，他所起的作用在中国佛教史上没有第二个人可以与之相媲美。神会是《坛经》的真正作者，他建立了新的“禅学”，成为禅宗的真正“开山之祖”。在禅宗史上，从达摩到神秀，都以《楞伽经》作为本宗的心要，属于正统的楞伽宗。慧能、神会推翻了楞伽宗的法统，用《金刚经》代替了《楞伽经》，即般若宗革了楞伽宗的命，南北分宗由是而起。禅在胡适先生的眼中，禅是解放知性的一种智慧，而要获得禅，“不说破”具有很大的重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dr. Hu Shih examined the Chan Buddhism in the spirit of proposing and validating hypothesis through scientific methodology, attempting to understand Chan through chronological leads and under historical background. He believed that Chinese Buddhism was the localization of Indian Buddhism in China while Chan Buddhism represented the typical localized form of transformed Indian Buddhism in China, having overarching historical impact in influencing Chinese philosophy and Buddhism. Moreover, Chan Buddhism, to a varying degree, reflected the transformation of Indian Buddhism through the addition of ingredients of Taoism. Monk Shenhui played a key role in the process of localization of Buddhism in China, leaving a legacy second to no others in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Monk Shenhui, the author of Platform Sutra, established the new Chan doctrine, thus became the true founder of Chan Buddhism. In the history of Chan Buddhism, both Monk Budhid harma and Monk Shenxiu believed that Lankavatara Sutra represented the essence of Chan, thus the school belonged to the orthodox Lanka School. By contrast, Monk Huineng and Monk Shenhui broke the rule of Lanka School and replaced Lankavatara Sutra with Diamond Sutra, i.e. Prajna School overthrew Lanka School, leading to the separation of Southern and Northern schools. From the viewpoint of Dr. Hu Shih, Chan was a wisdom that enlightened and liberated the capacity to know. Therefore, to obtain Chan, it is significant not to speak explicitly.更多还原