【作者】 赵德璋；

【导师】 刘刚；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 光学工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，人们加强了对蘑菇的各种深入研究，因为蘑菇除了提供丰富的高蛋白、低脂肪营养外，还具有潜在的药用价值，在生物化学和分子生物学研究中也有重要的应用价值。对蘑菇各种深入研究的基础是首先对其进行鉴别分类。本文利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法对蘑菇进行分类鉴别研究。 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了块菌科、鹅膏菌科、牛肝菌科和红菇科蘑菇的子实体。FTIR光谱特征表明蘑菇子实体的主要化学成分是蛋白质和碳水化合物。利用FTIR光谱的峰形特征和吸收强度比，可以区分不同属、种的蘑菇，1800-750cm^-1区间有可能作为区分不同属、种蘑菇的特征区。 格纹鹅膏菌孢子的FTIR光谱与子实体的FTIR光谱有显著差异，主要表现出了脂类物质和蛋白质的特征吸收谱峰。隐花青鹅膏菌子实体不同部位的FTIR光谱有差异，表明化学组分在蘑菇子实体的不同部位有不同分布。此外，利用FTIR光谱可以区分不同产地的印度块菌。凹陷块菌和楚雄印度块菌变质前后FTIR光谱有明显的变化，主要体现在蛋白质几个特征峰吸收强度的变化上，FTIR光谱的变化表明块菌样品变质后蛋白质的含量有所减少。 利用化学计量学方法（主成分分析和系统聚类分析）对4种19个鹅膏菌样品原始光谱、一阶导数光谱和二阶导数光谱不同区间的数据进行分析。结果表明，原始光谱950-750cm^-1区间光谱数据的主成分分析结果最理想：在PC1-PC2的投影显示中，17个样品能够按照常规分类结果聚为4类；系统聚类分析不能得到理想的结果。 研究结果表明，傅里叶变换红外光谱提供了蘑菇组分的有关化学信息，利用FTIR技术结合化学计量学方法可以对野生蘑菇进行快速、无损的分类鉴别。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently there has been increase of general interest in macrofungi （mushrooms） because of the possible medical application and high value in biochemical and molecular biology. The first step of all these studies is the classification of mushrooms. In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） combining with chemometrics was used to classify and identify wild growing mushrooms.The fruiting bodies of Tuberaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae and Russulaceae mushroom were studied by FTIR spectra. The feature of FTIR spectra indicates that the main composition of mushroom is protein and carbohydrates. According to the differences of the spectral peaks and absorbance ratios, the different genus and species of mushrooms are identified. The region between 1800 and 750cm"1 can be utilized to discriminate mushrooms.The spectrum of spore of Amanita fritillaria show strong bands at 2926,2855 and 1747cm^-1 , which were assigned to absorption of CH₂ asymmetric, symmetric and C=O stretching vibration of the carboxylic groups of lipids, indicating spore contain more oil. FTIR spectral differences are observed among different parts of Amanita manginiana. The results suggest that the chemical constituents are various in different parts of fruiting bodies. It is also found the great changes between moldy and healthy truffles, which the major differences are observed in the bands of amide of protein. In addition, FTIR spectral differences are observed among Tuber indicum of different producing areas.Principal component analysis （PCA） and hierarchical clustering analysis （HCA） were used to analysis for original and derivative spectra in different interval of 19 samples of Amanita mushrooms, which belong to 4 species. The results show that the effect of PC1-PC2 projection discrimination based on original spectra in the interval of 950-750cm^-1 is better than other intervals. According to the projection of PC1-PC2, 17 samples were clustered to 4 classes.In conclusion, it is showed that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combining with PCA is valuable tool for rapid and nondestructive analysis of mushrooms.更多还原