【作者】 尹旭敏；

【导师】 齐桂年；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 茯砖茶品质的优劣与其发酵微生物的数量和纯度有直接的关系，其中“金花”菌的影响最为显著。本文以四川茯砖茶为材料，对茯砖茶上“金花”菌分离鉴定，研究其生物学特性及发酵液态茶的工艺，以开发一种新型发酵液态茶。研究结果表明： 1．“金花”菌的分离及鉴定 对四川茯砖茶上“金花”菌进行分离、纯化、并根据菌落和孢子的形态学特征，鉴定为冠突散囊菌（Eurotium cristatum）。 2．“金花”菌的生物学特性 8种供试培养基对“金花”菌菌丝生长及产孢的影响，结果表明：菌丝生长以7^#最佳，产孢则以3^#最佳，且产孢量极显著高于其它几种供试培养基的产孢量；该菌菌丝在pH值4时生长最快，pH值2.2时生长最慢，pH值在9.07以上生长受到抑制，生长最适pH值为4～8，产孢最适pH值为5～7。该菌在12.5℃～38℃的温度范围内均能生长和产孢，适合“金花”菌菌丝生长和产孢的温度范围为25℃～34℃；产孢最佳温度为25℃～30℃。碳氮源对“金花”菌菌丝生长和产孢均有显著的影响，且为产孢所必需。菌丝生长和产孢均以葡萄糖和蔗糖最佳，其次是乳糖和麦芽糖，淀粉和对照（无碳源），菌丝生长最差，基本不产孢。对氮源的利用，菌丝生长以有机氮——牛肉膏、酵母膏、蛋白胨等为氮源的培养基上生长较好，牛肉膏最好，无机氮硫酸铵和对照最差。就产孢量而言，以蛋白胨最多，极显著高于其它几种氮源，硫酸铵和对照最差。 3．“金花”菌发酵工艺参数的选择 本文以发酵液态茶汁的品质指数和菌丝的干重为目标函数确定发酵工艺参数，结果表明：转速120r／min、茶水比为1：30、时间180～216h、接种量0.8％～1.0％、温度26℃～30℃为比较好的工艺组合。此时，产品汤色明亮、透明、橙红；滋味醇和、甜香、香气浓郁；菌丝的干重最大；发酵茶品质最佳。 4．“金花”菌发酵工艺参数的优化 在单因素试验的基础上，以茶多酚氧化率和感官审评为评价指标，运用L₁₆4⁴正交试验方法研究了接种量、温度、时间、茶水比对发酵液态茶汁品质的综合影响，确定最佳发酵工艺参数。正交试验结果分析表明：在试验条件限定的范围内，对茶多酚氧化率影响的主次顺序为接种量＞温度＞时间＞茶水比；试验中各因素水平的最佳组更多还原

【Abstract】 The qualities of fu-brick tea is affected mainly by the quantity and purify of microorganisms of fermentation, and especially by "Golden Flower" fungus. So, in the paper, the fu-brick tea from Sichuan was employed to isolate "Golden Flower" fungus, "Golden Flower" fungus were identified and studied on its biological characteristic and fermentation technique of liquid tea, in order to develop a kind of novel fermenting the liquid tea. Results showed as foliowings:1. Isolation and identification of "Golden Flower" fungus"Golden Flower" fungus was isolated from the fu-brick tea in Sichuan, purified, and identified as Eurotium cristatum based on morphological characteristic colony and spore of "Golden Flower" fungus.2. Biological characteristic of "Golden Flower" fungusEight culture mediums were used in this experiment to study on the colony growth and spores formation, and the result showed that "Golden Flower" fungus grew best on the No.7 medium and for the sporulation of "Golden Flower" fungus the No.3 medium was so desirable that the number of the spores was more than that of the others significantly. "Golden Flower" fungus grew best on the medium of pH 4 and grew worst on the medium of pH 2.2, its growth was inhibited on the medium of pH 9.07, the optimum pH for the mycelia growth and spores formation were pH 4-8 and pH 5-7, respectively. For the mycelial growth and sporulation of "Golden Flower" fungus the range of temperature was 12.5℃~38℃,the optimum being 25℃~34℃ and the best optimum being 25℃~30℃ for its growth and sporulation. Carbon source and nitrogen source had significant effect on the mycelial growth and sporulation of "Golden Flower" fungus, which showed that carbon source and nitrogen source was necessary for sporulation. Glucose and sucrose were the best for the mycelial growth and sporulation, And the second was lactose and maltose, while check and soluble amylum was the worst, For the use of nitrogen source, "Golden Flower" fungus could grow better on the organic nitrogen beef extract, yeast extract, peptone, among which beef extract was the best and the inorganic nitrogen ammonium更多还原