【作者】 张伟云；

【导师】 郑毅男；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 中药学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以从人参及“秘鲁参”即吗咖中寻找具有重要生物活性的天然化合物为主要目的，对其化学成分进行研究，从人参花和秘鲁参茎叶中提取分离出非皂苷化合物腺嘌呤核苷，初步摸索了从人参花和秘鲁参茎叶中分离纯化腺嘌呤核苷的条件。利用高效液相色谱法对人参及其加工品中人参皂苷Rg₁，Re，Rb₁，Rc，Rb₂，Rd，compound K，Rg₃进行含量测定；利用高效液相色谱法对人参及其加工品和秘鲁参根及茎叶中腺苷进行定量；利用等离子发射光谱仪对秘鲁参茎叶中元素进行定性、定量分析。 近年来，对人参中人参皂苷及其药理作用的研究报道较多，但对非人参皂苷的报道相对较少且不深入。本文针对人参中非人参皂苷成分进行研究，从人参花中分离得到腺苷。腺苷可能是人参花壮阳的活性成分之一。 秘鲁参在秘鲁安第斯山区作为当地人的高营养作物已有几千年的食用历史，而其提高人的精力、耐力和性功能等传统药用价值也广为流传。为了寻求秘鲁参的有效部位，有效成分及作用靶点，进一步证明秘鲁参作为药食兼用的物质基础，为正确评价秘鲁参的质量提供理论依据，本实验利用高效液相色谱法对秘鲁引进的秘鲁参根及秘鲁引进并在抚松栽培4个月的秘鲁参根和茎叶中腺苷进行了定量分析。结果吗咖茎叶中腺苷含量最高，其次为秘鲁引进的秘鲁参根，秘鲁引进并在抚松栽培4个月的秘鲁参根中腺苷含量最少。 本研究采用人参花和秘鲁参茎叶为原料，采用甲醇超声提取，硅胶柱层析，氯仿甲醇梯度洗脱的方法进行分离，得到一个单体化合物，通过理化性质及波谱解析（紫外光谱、红外光谱和核磁共振），确定它的化学结构为腺嘌呤核苷。腺嘌呤核苷是在人参花、秘鲁参中首次发现。此方法简便，洗脱剂可反复回收利用。 本文利用高效液相色谱法，考察了人参及其加工品中人参皂苷的含量，对人参及其加工品、秘鲁参中腺苷进行定量分析，结果表明：须根中六种人参皂苷含量总和最高，随着人参主根重量增加，皂苷含量减少；人参花和人参果中含有人参皂苷compound K；人参花中腺苷含量较高；秘鲁参茎叶中腺苷含量高于根中腺苷含量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pcmax ginseng and "Peruvian ginseng" that is Lepidium peruvianum Chacon （Maca） were investigated on chemical composition in order to find natural compounds with bioactivity. A non-saponin compound, which is adenosine, was isolated from the flower of Panax ginseng and stem and leaf of Peruvian ginseng. The isolation and purification method of adenosine was researched. The contents of ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂, Rd, compound K and Rg₃ in Panax ginseng and its processing products were quantitated by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography （RP-HPLC）; The contents of adenosine in Panax ginseng and its processing products, Peruvian ginseng were determined by RP-HPLC; the elements in stem and leaf of Peruvian ginseng were studied on quanlitative and quantitative analysis by Plasma Optical Emission Spectrogragh.There were a lot of reports on ginsenosides and their pharmacologic action from ginseng, but studies on non-ginsenosides were rather fewer and not further. Non-ginsenosides were focused on this experiment. Adenosine may be one active component for strengthening yang of flower of Panax ginseng.Peruvian ginseng has been used for an edible hyperalimentation crop in the Andes mountains area of Peru for thousands of years. The traditional medicative action, such as improvement of vigor and endurance, sexual function, was widely spread. Adenosine in root of Peruvian ginseng introduced from Peru and Peruvian ginseng introduced from Peru growing in Fusong for four months were determined by RP-HPLC in order to ascertain the effective parts, active compounds and targets of pharmacologic action of Peruvian ginseng and do the groundwork for appreciation of quality control of Peruvian ginseng. The results showed that the content of adenosine in stem and leaf in Peruvian ginseng which introduced from Peru growing in Fusong four months was highest, the root of Peruvian ginseng introduced from Peru ranked the second, and the content of root of Peruvian ginseng introduced from Peru growing in Fusong for four months was the lowest. Adenosine was isolated and identified from Peruvian ginseng for the first time.The flower of Panax ginseng and stem and leaf of Peruvian ginseng were extracted by methanol in ultrasonic wave. the concentrated extract after extraction was isolated by silica gel column chromatography and the n-butanol extractum was eluted by chloroform and methanol in the way of gradient elution. The compound was identified as adenosine by physico-chemical property, spectrum analysis （ultraviolet spectra, infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance）. Adenosine was found in flower of Panax ginseng for the first time. The operational approach is simple, moreover, the eluting agent can be repeatly used.更多还原