【作者】 王春强；

【导师】 王恒；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 传统的胚胎移植中人们采用的是对供体进行超排处理，对受体进行同期处理后再对发情的受体逐个进行移植的程序。这样不仅发情鉴定需要投入大量时间和劳力而且对母畜要求有更高的饲养管理强度，并且还有传染病的危险。本试验的程序化胚胎移植方案的最终目的就是使我们可以提前预测出供、受体母羊的发情和排卵时间，从而不经过发情鉴定而定时人工授精，并按时从供体内将胚胎冲出移植给受体的整个过程。本试验对绵羊的同期发情、超数排卵、胚胎冷冻、胚胎移植等进行了较详细的研究，结果如下： 1．本试验对174只受体和77只供体的同期发情试验的结果是：在受体使用孕激素长期处理和短期处理两种不同的同期发情方法都获得了较高的同期发情效果（89.10％和89.08％），并且在短期处理中使用不同的阴道栓所获得的最终结果无显著差异（86.44％和91.67％）；供体羊的同期发情试验中使用孕激素长期处理、孕激素短期处理和高浓度孕激素长期处理三种不同的同期发情方法获得的同期发情结果分别为96.00％、80.77％和88.46％，其中孕激素长期处理组略高于其它两组。 2．本试验的三个供体同期方案（n₁=25，n₂=26 n₃=26）在经过相同的超数排卵后效果却差异显著（平均回收胚胎数分别为：6.7枚、7.7枚和10.0枚：可用胚胎数分别为：5.1枚、6.1枚和9.9枚），方案Ⅲ的两项指标均极显著的高于方案Ⅰ和Ⅱ（p＜0.01），方案Ⅱ也显著高于方案Ⅰ（p＜0.05）。试验中冲取的都是配种后6天的胚胎，方案Ⅲ与方案Ⅱ的胚胎大多发育至桑堪到囊胚阶段，相比较而言，方案Ⅰ的胚胎所处的阶段要多一些，甚至还有二细胞胚胎。而桑堪到囊胚进行子宫角移植，移植受胎率要高很多。所以，虽然方案Ⅰ有较高的同期发情率，但综合考虑各方面因素，方案Ⅲ为最好的供体胚胎生产程序，方案Ⅱ次之，方案Ⅰ最差。 3．鲜胚移植试验结果：不同的受体同期发情方法对移入胚胎后妊娠有很大的影响。三个方案的受体发情率无显著差异（89.10％、86.44％和91.67％）：但方案Ⅰ发情集中率与其它两方案差异显著（83.33％、100％和100％）。妊娠率方面，方案Ⅲ（78.61％）和方案Ⅱ（77.42％）均高于方案Ⅰ（67.35％）。这个结果表明：受体的发情率不与受胎率成正比，而发情集中度与受胎率成正比。胚胎冷冻结果表明：一步冷冻法和三步冷冻法之间，脱防冻剂和不脱防冻剂法之间无差异，证明EG对绵羊胚胎的毒性不大，适宜在生产中推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional embryo transfer program includes the superovulation, later transfer of the flushed embryos into the recipients synchronized with the donors, in which oestrus detection performed once or twice daily during extended periods requires extra labour and has direct implication for nutrition management of the flock and also presents a higher sanitary risk. This purpose of this study was carried out to predict the time of estrus and ovulation , and AI was committed without heat detection, then embryos which will be transferred into recipients were flushed. This paper mainly concerning about estrus synchronization, superovulation, embryo cryopreservation and embryo transfer .the result are as follows:1. 174 recipients and 77 donors were carried out in the synchronization study, the result: different trials(long-term and short-term progesterone treatment) during seasonal estrus were performed to evaluate estrus rate .High estrus rate were achieved both in the short-term and long-term group. No significant differences were found among different progestogen (sponges with or CIDRs with progestogen) groups .Estrus rate of the three different estrus synchronizaion trials which are long-term and short-term progesterone treatment and high progesterone concentration long-term treatment are 96.00%,80.77% and 88.46% ,in which group 3 was higher than the other two groups.2. Significant result of the amount of recovering embryos(6.7, 7.7 and 10.0),the amount of available embryos(5.1, 6.1 and 9.9), in which protocol 3 was significant higher than the other two protocols(P<0.05) .All embryos flushed 6 after AI, most of embryo from protocol 2 and protocol 3 are morular and blastmere embryos, but embryo from protocol 1 were in variable stages, even 4-cells.Taking these aspects into account ,protocol 3 is the best,protocol 2 is the second ,protocol 1 is the last.3. Result of fresh embryo transfer: Different synchronizaion protocols in recipients represents an important effect on the pregnancy rate. Similar estrus rate leads to different pregnancy rate (67.35%, 77.42%, 78.61%) which is mainly because of different centralized estrus degree. Another result was about the effect of different embryos freezing methods: no significant differences were found among different embryos freezing methods between one-step and three-step freezing groups , which means that EG has little toxic to embryos ,and is worth of spreading .4. We can obtain a final embryo transfer program. Estrus synchronizaion in recipients: protocol 2; treatment (estrus synchronizaion and superovulation) in donors: protocol 3.Embryos freezed with one-step freezing method without taken off cryoprotectants , by which a acceptable result can be achieved.更多还原