【作者】 王玉玲；

【导师】 陈清西；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 果树学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 基于无核雪柑胚胎及其生物学特性的研究很少，且其无核、少核的性状稳定，具有一定的研究价值等特点，选取了无核雪柑作为研究材料。本项目从授粉受精生物学、种胚发育过程的石蜡切片、镜检观察及蛋白质的双向电泳三个方面对无核雪柑与普通雪柑进行比较研究，旨在通过观察无核雪柑胚胎败育前后的形态变化，检测此过程蛋白质的差异，探讨整个发育过程存在的特异蛋白，以明了无核雪柑的无核机理。 1 无核雪柑与普通雪柑的授粉受精生物学 研究了无核雪柑与普通雪柑两个品种花的形态特征、花粉离体培养的发芽率、授粉后花粉在柱头的萌发情况等。结果表明其花粉均具有可育性，但离体培养的花粉及授粉后的发芽率存在较大差异。离体培养普通雪柑花粉发芽率为26.91％，无核雪柑花粉发芽率仅为9.33％；普通雪柑×普通雪柑组合授粉2d花粉在柱头上的发芽最好，发芽率高达80％，花粉管长超过花粉粒径的3～5倍：无核雪柑×无核雪柑组合花粉的发芽率仅为5％，且花粉管很短，无核雪柑×普通雪柑授粉组合居中。无核雪柑花粉虽然可育，但柱头的乳突结构和花柱的花柱道不发达，自交不亲和，坐果率低。不同授粉组合坐果率差异较大，普通雪柑×普通雪柑坐果率为1.91％，无核雪柑×无核雪柑和无核雪柑×普通雪柑2个组合坐果率分别为0.25％和0.38％。 2 无核雪柑与普通雪柑种胚发育的解剖学研究 对不同授粉组合的种胚进行石蜡切片观察，选择有代表性的进行拍照。结果表明，珠被、珠心、胚囊及珠心胚等组织不同时间存在不同程度的崩溃、瓦解及最终的消失，是导致无核雪柑无核、少核的一个重要原因。普通雪柑×普通雪更多还原

【Abstract】 The development condition of Wuhexuegan embryos is closely related with seed development. It was approved that the seedlessness of Wuhexuegan was stable, but the research on biological character and embryo development in it was poor, it has great value to study the abortive embryo in Wuhexuegan. This thesis worked on the physiological and molecular biology of Wuhexuegan in the aspects of pollination, fertilization, embryo development and specific proteins et al. It has great theoretical and practical significance to study the physiological and biological mechanism of embryo development in Wuhexuegan, which will help to find out the expressive law from gene to character, select Xuegan varieties, control fruit seeds and so on.1 Biology of pollination fertilization in Wuhexuegan and XuganThe morphological character of flower, the pollen germination both in vitro and at the stigma were studied in the experiment. It showed great differences at the pollen germination rate of the three combinations, the rate of Wuehexuegan was lower than that of Xuegan, it was 9.33% and 26.91% in vitro respectively. At the same time, the pollen germination rate of Xuegan × Xuegan was the highest among the three pollination combinations, at the rate of 80%. But that of Wuehexuegan × Wuehexuegan was the lowest, only 5%. The length of Xuegan’s pollen tube was about 3-5 times of pollen grain diameter, it was the longest too. So did the fruit setting rate. The poor papillae cell and stylar canal of stigma of Wuhexuegan, self-incompatiblility resulted in the low fruit setting rate. The fruit setting rate of Xuegan × Xuegan was 1.91 %, while that of Wuehexuegan × Wuehexuegan and Wuehexuegan × Xuegan were respectively 0.25% and 0.38%.更多还原