节点文献
防治云南松毛虫绿僵菌毒力菌株的筛选与培养
Study on Screening and Culturing Virulent Species of Metarhizium for Controlling D.houi Lajorquiere
【作者】 林文清;
【导师】 宋漳;
【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 , 森林保护学, 2006, 硕士
【摘要】 松毛虫(Dendrolimus spp.)是历史上发生最严重的森林食叶害虫,早在公兀370年前就有发生松毛虫爆发成灾的记载;松毛虫的种类共有30种(含4亚种),其中云南松毛虫D.houi Lajorquiere等6种松毛虫分布广泛,危害尤为严重。云南松毛虫又叫柳杉松毛虫或大柏毛虫,是云南松、柳杉等的重要害虫之一,国内年平均发生3.3万hm2左右,国内外主要分布于云南,浙江,福建,四川,广西,广东,湖南,湖北,贵州等省(区)以及印度,缅甸,斯里兰卡和印度尼西亚等地。而绿僵菌(Metarhizium)属于广普性虫生真菌寄主范围广,包括鳞翅目等8个目30科共约200余种害虫和螨类,在巴西,澳大利亚,美国,加拿大,和墨西哥等国已工业化大量生产绿僵菌菌剂形成商品进入利用微生物防治农林害虫的领域;而在国内自从1985年以来,李增智等人首次用绿僵菌在室内对马尾松毛虫进行感染实验,发现它对马尾松毛虫具有毒力以来,国内已有很多学者对绿僵菌做了大量的研究和实验,证明其防治效果可与白僵菌想媲美,而且具有更好的耐高温和耐旱性。本文通过对各种绿僵菌菌株对云南松毛虫的毒力测定筛选出高毒力绿僵菌菌株,并通过对筛选出来菌株的半固体和液体发酵系统研究,为绿僵菌的工业化大量生产和在云南松毛虫生物防治上的实际应用提供科学依据。 研究结果表明: 一、本试验使用M103、104、337(金龟子绿僵菌 M. anisopliae):M115(贵州绿僵菌,M. guizhouens):M335(黄绿绿僵菌,M. flavovieide):M336(大孢绿僵菌 M. majorosporae)对3-4龄云南松毛虫幼虫进行室内毒力测定。试验结果表明:6个菌株对云南松毛虫均表现出一定的毒力,而各菌株中只有M336和M337菌株在10d的毒力测定过程中出现僵虫即这两个菌株的毒力明显强于其他的菌株。绿僵菌M336菌株致死中浓度为2.04×108个孢子/L,致死中时间为9.29-18.65天(孢子悬浮液浓度在1.0×1011-1.0×107个孢子/L的范围);绿僵菌M337菌株的致死中浓度为7.53×107个孢子/L,致死中时间为9.26-13.42d(孢子数在1.0×1011-1.0×107个/L的浓度范围),利用绿僵菌防治松毛虫3-4龄幼虫可以收到良好的效果,且绿僵菌M337菌株比绿僵菌M336菌株的杀虫效果更好。因此,金龟子绿僵菌M337在防治云南松毛虫上具有较大的开发应用价值。 二、利用筛选出的绿僵菌M337菌株进行半固体发酵的研究,结果表明:(1)通过对固体培养基的35个营养成分因子和产孢量的关系进行分析发现,培养基中的各营养因子与产孢量的相关系数均没有超过0.8的高相关水平。其中有15个营养因子的含量在一定的范围内与产孢量呈极显著的线性相关,但超出该范围两者不相关或者呈非线性相关。而这15个相关因子中的每一个营养因子含量在超出或低于某一限度后均对绿僵菌的产孢量构成独立的、直接的影响。未与产孢量形成线性相关的其他20个营养因子,是指在本试验中的养分含量范围内未成显著的线性相关,并不说明该因子与产孢量完全不相关。(2)在固体发酵培养基的筛选试验中,培养基10、24、25的产孢量最高,未干燥培养基的含孢量分别达到10.4×109个/g、17.0×109个/g、15.0×109个/g,明显高于其它的培养基,这个结果如果单从营养成分上分析显然无法获得满意的解释。我们通过比较各个培养基的物理形状和营养成分含量发现,当培养基的各个营养成分在不对绿僵菌产生抑制作用的含量范围内,而培养基的物理性状适宜绿僵菌生长和产孢的情况下,绿僵菌的产孢量才可以达到最高。(3)半固体发酵的液体发酵阶段是否对固体发酵的最终产孢量有影响、如何影响?我们也开展了这方面的研究,试验表明:液体发酵产出的固体培养基接种物的含孢量和生物量与固体发酵的最终产孢量不呈线性相关,而具有一定含孢量且孢子活力高的接种物是固体发酵阶段最适宜的接种物。 三、利用筛选出的绿僵菌M337菌株进行液体深层发酵的研究,结果表明:(1)在液体培养基4中添加1%~10%的聚乙二醇增加培养基的同渗重摩有促进产孢的作用,而15%的聚乙二醇对产孢有明显的抑制作用,说明过高的同渗重摩同样不利于绿僵菌的生长。我们也以培养基1做为基础培养
【Abstract】 Dendrolimus spp. is a kind of most serious pest of forest in history; there had a record that the amount of the pest exploded largely caused to calamity at A.D370. Dendrolimus spp. was classified 30 species (included 4 subspecies) almost, and there are 6 species included D.houi Lajorquiere et al in 30 species of Dendrolimus spp. distributed largely, and the harm far more serious than that caused by other species of Dendrolimus spp. D.houi Lajorquiere is one of most important pest harm to Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibreak et al, the harmed area reached to about 33 thousand hm2 each year.Metarhizium is entomopatogenic fungi, whose host is very large include almost 200 species pest and acarus from 8 orders. The products of Matarhizium have entered into the field for controlling pest in agriculture and forest in Brazil, Australia and America et al. So far as 1985 in China, Li zengzhi et al test firstly the virulence of Metarhizium to D.houi Lajorquiere in laboratory, founded that Metarhizium have virulence to D.houi Lajorquiere. After that, many a researchers have done a lot of experiments and researches of Metarhizium, founded the effect of controlling pest as good as Beauveria, even better in the aspects of enduring thermal or drying. Our research focus on screening the high virulence species of Metarhizium for controlling D.houi Lajorquiere, and then use the screened species of Metarhizium to do the next experiments about semi-solid culture and liquid-culture, in order to find out a fit of appropriate method for mass produce of Metarhizium and offer the base of theory for controlling D.houi Lajorquiere.The result of our experiments followed as:1).ln this experiment, we test the virulence of 6 species of Metarhizium to 3-4 instars D.houi Lajorquiere in lab. The result of virulence test demonstrated that 6 species of Metarhizium all have virulence to D.houi Lajorquiere, but only M336 and M337 species come out stiff-insect in the process of infection, so far as, M336 and M337 species more infective than other 4 species of Metarhizium apparently. M336 with LT50 values (95% C.I.) at (9.29 to 18.65d) of the spore’s concentration (1. OX 10" to 1. OX 107conidia/L) and LC50 values (95% C. I.) at 2.04×108conidia/L; M337 with LT50 values (95% C.I.) at (9.26 to 13.42d) of the spore’s concentration (1.0×1011 to 1. 0×107conidia/L) and LC50 values (95% C. I.) at 7. 53×107 conidia/L. Compare LT50 and LCso values of M336 to that of M337, we can easily get a conclusion that M337 is more infective than M336, and is more fit to be used to control D.houi Lajorquiere. Therefore, M337 of Metarhizium. Anisopliae is most promising prospect in using controlling D.houi Lajorquiere.2). Using the high virulence species after screening to do researches of semi-solid culture of Metarhizium, and the result demonstrated that: A). The values of relative between ingredients of nutrient of culture and spore production did not reached to 0. 8(high relative level) (99% C. I.), and the content of 15 ingredients of nutrient in certain range will have linearity relativity or have not any relativity with spore production of So(?)-culture of Metarhizium. B).In the experiment of screening solid-culture, we founded that the spore production of culture 10, culture 24 and culture 25 is 10. 4×109conidia·L-1, 17. 0×109 conidia ?L-1 and 15. 0×109 conidia·L-1, higher than that of other cultures apparently; the reason can
【Key words】 Metarhizium; D.houi Lajorquiere; semi-solid culture; submerge-culture;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 福建农林大学 【网络出版年期】2006年 12期
- 【分类号】S763.421
- 【被引频次】5
- 【下载频次】310