【作者】 吴子毅；

【导师】 范青海；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农药学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 孳生于房屋里的螨类与人们生活息息相关，它们是一类重要的卫生害虫，以屋尘螨、粉尘螨、和腐食酪螨最为常见，是诱发人类哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、皮炎等疾病的主要因子，还能引起肺螨病、肠螨病等。福建地处东南沿海，属亚热带气候，温暖湿润，给螨类繁殖、为害及传播提供了有利条件。 我们从福建省54个县市197所居民房（97间客厅、87间卧室、62间厨房）27个集体宿舍、17个办公室、9所旅馆里收集灰尘395份（地板372份、草席10份、吸尘器10份、沙发3份），用贝氏分离器进行分离。结果表明，在395份尘样中，螨的检出率为38.8％。居民房螨的检出率为50.76％，集体宿舍为96.30％，办公室为64.70％，旅馆为55.26％。不同微环境粉尘中螨的检出率分别为：地板为37.20％、草席为50.00％、沙发为66.70％、吸尘器为50.00％。不同地板类型粉尘中螨的检出率分别为：土地板70.00％、瓷砖56.94％、地毯50.00％、水泥地40.00％、木地板18.75％。居民房不同房间粉尘中螨的检出率分别为：客厅27.83％、卧室36.78％、厨房27.42％。根据不同地区不同房屋、寄主、地板以及房屋内部房间所采集螨类进行的分析，发现全省各地区居民房螨的检出率差异显著（χ²=72.3763，P＜0.05）；不同房屋类型、不同寄主、不同地板类型以及房屋内部不同房间之间螨的检出率差异不显著。 福建省房屋螨类调查共发现有4个目、28个科、55个种，其中热带无爪螨Blomia tropicalis（Bronswijk，Cock & Oshima）检出率最高，占所有样品的48.86％，其次是网广缝甲螨Cosmochthonius reticulatus（Grandjean），占16.71％。粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae（Hughes）发生数量较大，其密度常常超过了产生过敏症状的临界值。 此外，根据植物精油在抗菌、杀虫和杀螨等方面的研究，考虑其无污染、无残留、用量少、价格低以及可阻止或延缓螨类的抗药性的特点，我们以刺足根螨Rhizoglyphus echinopus（Fumouze & Robin）为房屋螨类代表，采用药膜法，进行了百里酚毒力实验。结果表明，24小时的LC₅₀=2.2222g／L；48小时的LC₅₀=0.6086g／L。该实验为植物油应用于房屋害螨防治提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The house dust mites are closely related to the life of human beings. Some of them are important sanitary pests, such as the commonly detected Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. These mites have been the main factors that cause asthma, anaphylactic rhinitis, pulmonary acariasis, intestinal acariasis, etc.Fujian Province locates at the southeast corner of the mainland of China. It is controlled by the subtropical climate, typically with high temperature and humidity, which provides the house dust mites a suitable environment of development, reproduction and spreading. However, there was no any information about house dust mites in the province. The aim of this study was to investigate the component of mites in houses of the province.We had collected dust samples from 197 residential houses (including 97 living rooms, 87 bedrooms, 62 kitchens), 27 dormitories, 17 offices and 9 hotels in 55 counties and cities of Fujian Province. The total number of samples were 395, of which 372 from floors, 10 from straw mats, 10 from vacuum cleaners and 3 from sofas. We used Berlese’s funnels to extract mites. About 38.8% of total numbers of samples were found with mites. The places frequently detected with mites were residential houses (50.76%), dormitories (96.30%), offices (64.7%) and hotels (55.76%). The microhabitats frequently detected with mites were floors (37.2%), straw mats (50.00%), sofas (66.70%) and vacuum clearers (50.00%). The floorboards frequently detected with mites were soil floor (70.00%), ceramic floor (56.94%), cermet floor (40.00%) and wood floor (18. 75%). There were 27.83% of living rooms of residential houses with dust mites, 36. 78% of bedrooms and 27. 42% of kitchens. No statistical difference was observed among the number of mites found in the samples between houses, microhabitats, floors and rooms of residential house, however, it is significantly different between residential houses in different area of the province (x~2=更多还原