【作者】 黄振裕；

【导师】 陈顺立； 林庆源；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林保护学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 松树是福建省重要的森林资源，约占全省森林总面积的50％，不仅是最重要的造林树种，也是最重要的木材加工和林产化工原材料，具有十分显著的经济和生态效益。松突圆蚧(Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi)是为害松树的重大检疫性害虫，已在我省沿海一带猖獗危害，造成大面积松林衰退、枯死，其中作为主要防护林树种之一的黑松(Pinus thunbergii)受害最重，枯死面积最大，已对我省沿海防护林建设和生态环境保护构成了极大威胁。对松突圆蚧开展治理已是生产上面临的迫切问题。为此，本文通过大量野外防治试验筛选出高效的化学杀虫剂及其组合，并通过不同防治方法的对比试验，探索了更为有效和安全的化防应用技术，评价了不同防治方法对节肢动物群落的影响。现将主要结果摘要如下： 1、对多种化学杀虫剂的防效对比试验表明，杀扑磷、毒死蜱、虫线清和氧乐果等药剂对松突圆蚧具有较好的杀灭效果，其中杀扑磷和毒死蜱喷雾防治的防治效果分别可达72.2％和73.3％；虫线清喷雾、涂干和注干的防治效果分别可达76.67％、60.51％和70.12％；氧乐果注干和涂干的防治效果分别可达73.24％和65.67％。 2、不同药剂的混合和不同施药方法的对比试验表明，杀扑磷、毒死蜱和氧乐果的混用具有明显的增效作用，其中40％杀扑磷乳油1：1000+40％毒死蜱乳油1：1000+40％氧乐果乳油1：500混合喷雾防治效果可达92％，40％杀扑磷乳油1：5+40％毒死蜱乳油1：5+40％氧乐果乳油1：2.5混合注干和涂干防治效果分别可达98％和81％。 3、对受松突圆蚧为害的黑松林节肢动物群落1a的系统调查，共采集到节肢动物标本53，174号，其中林冠层标本38，617号，分别隶属于14目、51科、83种；林下层标本14，557号，分别隶属于15目、80科、112种。林冠层和林下层节肢动物类群个体数量分布特征存在较大差异，林冠层类群害虫的相对丰盛度为0.7639，天敌为0.2221，林下层类群害虫的相对丰盛度为0.5886，天敌为0.2552，林冠层的物种多样性小于林下层。 4、不同化学防治方法下节肢动物群落结构、组成的对比分析表明，喷雾防治明显降低了林冠层及林下层类群物种丰富度和个体数量，提高了优势集中性，使类群结构趋于简单；涂干和注干防治能较好地控制松突圆蚧，对群落结构影响较小，适合于生产上推广使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pine is the main forest resource of Fujian province with a half of the total forest area. It is not only the most important tree species but also the most important raw material of timber processing and chemical engineering of forest industry. It has prominent benefit in economy and ecology. Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi is a prime quarantine pest that damages pine. It damages rampantly in coastal areas of Fujian province, and leads to a lot of pine decay or perish. Pinns thunbergii, the main tree species of shelter forest, was the worst damaged and its perish area was the largest. It had been a grave threat to the construction of shelter forest and protection of environment in coastal areas of our province. So it was urgent to control Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi. In this paper, highly effect chemical pesticide and their combinations were selected through a lot of field experiments. More effective and secure application ways of chemical control were studied by contrasted experiments of different control methods, the influence on Arthropod community of different control methods were evaluated. The main results were summaried as follows:1. The contrasted experiments of control effect of different chemical pesticide showed that methidathion, chlorpyriphos, Chongxianqing and omethoate etc. had better effect on the control of Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi. Among them, the control effect of spraying with methidathion and chlorpyriphos reached 72.2% and 73.3% respectively; the control effect of spraying, smear and injection in rod with Chongxianqing reached 76.67%、 60.51% and 70.12% respectively; the control effect of smear and injection in rod with omethoate reached 73.24% and 65.67% respectively.2. The contrasted experiments of different combination and application of pesticide showed that the combination of methidathion, chlorpyriphos and omethoate had more effects. Among them, the control effect of spraying with combination of methidathion 40%EC(1:1000), chlorpyriphos 40%EC(1: 1000) and methoate 40%EC(l :500) reached 92%, the control effect of injection and smear in rod with combination of methidathion 40%EC(1:5), chlorpyriphos 40%EC (1:5) and methoate 40%EC(l :25) reached 98% and 81% respectively.3. Arthropod community in Pinus thunbergii forest endangered by Hemiberlesia更多还原