【作者】 王璠；

【导师】 江启成；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 社会医学与卫生事业管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目的 通过对艾滋病流行区安全注射的现状及影响因素进行全面调查，找出导致不安全注射发生的因素，并根据存在的问题，有针对性地进行1年的现场干预，以期建立安全注射示范区。材料与方法 调查对象包括市、县级医院，乡镇医院，村卫生室／私人诊所及其医护人员，普通居民与艾滋病病人。采用现场观察，访谈及个人自填问卷等方式进行调查。使用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析，主要运用描述性分析与logistic回归等分析方法。结果 (1)所调查的医疗机构均未在临床治疗中使用自毁型注射器。(2)医护人员安全注射基本知识的知晓率要好于普通居民及艾滋病病人。医护人员安全注射基本知识评分的多因素logistic回归结果显示：性别及所在医疗机构的级别与得分情况有关。就评分获得满分的可能性而言，女性医护人员要好于男性医护人员，较高级别医疗机构的医护人员要好于较低级别医疗机构的医护人员。(3)大部分普通居民和艾滋病病在选择注射器时都将安全性放在首位。(4)护士锐器伤的发生率为57.50％，血液／体液暴露的发生率为48.33％，有相当比例的护士在事故发生后，没有采取正确的处理措施。(5)乡镇和村级医疗机构在使用过的一次性注射器具毁形、消毒及处理等方面存在缺陷。 建议 研究认为，可以考虑从提高各个人群安全注射相关知识的知晓水平，改变错误的注射行为，正确处理使用后的一次性注射器具，完善医疗锐器伤与血液／体液暴露的登记制度，规范此类事故的处理标准，以及提供自毁型注射器等方面进行现场干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective This study aims at investigating the current situation of safety injection in HIV/AIDS prevalence area, then finding out factors causing unsafe medical injection in the area, so as to provide the basic information for the coming one-year intervention and establishing a national model of safety injection system. Material and Methods Health facilities at prefecture, country and township levels, village or private clinics, and doctors and nurses of which, residents and AIDS patients were investigated. The moduses of field observation, interview, self-filling questionnaires were used. All data were analyzed by using the SPSS11.5. The methods were descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Results (1) There is not any health facility found to use the auto-disposable syringes for clinical therapy in the investigated area. (2) The knowledge on safey injection is better in doctors and nurses than in local residents and HIV/AIDS patients. The analysis on influential factors of the knowledge by multinomial logistic regression showed that gender is associated with health facility levels. In terms of the possibility to gain full marks, female doctors and nurses are better than the males, and doctors and nurses in high level health facility are better than the lowers. (3) Most of local residents and HIV/AIDS patients think that safety is the most important for them to select syringes. (4) A total of 69 nosocomial nurses (57.50%) suffered from sharp instrument injuries, and 58 nosocomial nurses (48.33%) exposed to blood or body fluid in 2005. Many of them did not take any action after the accidents. (5) The destruction, sterilization and management of used disposable syringes should still be strengthened in township and village hospitals/clinics. Suggestions The following items need to be considered for the next field intervention: ehancing the knowledge of safety injection, correcting wrong behavior, manageing used disposable syringes correctly,更多还原