【作者】 吴学平；

【导师】 贾雪梅；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 人体解剖与组织胚胎学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：①观察糖尿病大鼠下颌下腺的光镜和超微结构变化特点；②观察糖尿病大鼠下颌下腺内肥大细胞数量及形态学变化；③观察糖尿病大鼠下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体表达变化；④探讨上述变化特点与糖尿病病程及病理的关系及意义。 方法：SD雄性大鼠50只，随机分为实验组20只(4W、12W各10只)、治疗组20只(4W、12W各10只)及正常组10只，用链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin，STZ)复制糖尿病动物模型，分别于4W、12W后测量体重和血糖。取下颌下腺组织分别进行以下处理：①HE染色；②电镜观察；③甲苯胺蓝(Toluidine Blue，TB)染色；④免疫组织化学染色：⑤计算机图像分析。结果：①与正常组体重(367.33±26.73g)和血糖(6.49±0.79mmol／L)比较，4W(229.98±55.44g)和12W实验组体重(156.50±10.13g)减轻，4W(23.31±6.81mmol／L)和12W(27.79±9.28mmol／L)血糖升高，差异具有显著性(P＜0.01)：4W和12W治疗组体重及血糖无明显差异。②HE染色切片中，正常组下颌下腺腺泡结构正常，腺泡平均周长为363.99±21.85mm。颗粒曲管(Granular Convoluted Tubule，GCT)上皮细胞饱满，核圆形位于基底部，顶部胞质含有鲜红色分泌颗粒，其管腔平均直径为137.28±7.52mm。4W实验组的腺泡平均周长为332.54±15.65mm，GCT平均直径减小为86.36±4.40mm，分泌颗粒减少。12W时整个腺叶萎缩明显，腺叶间结缔组织增多，腺泡平均周长269.29±17.75mm，GCT平均直径为71.82±5.49mm，与正常组比较，差异具有显著性(P＜0.01)。治疗组与正常组比较无显著变化。③电镜下，12W实验组大鼠下颌下腺腺细胞和GCT上皮细胞主要出现细胞核固缩、染色质致密；线粒体肿胀或空泡变性，线粒体嵴断裂；粗面内质网囊状扩张，断裂成短棒状，脱颗粒等改变；12W治疗组无明显改变。④甲苯胺蓝染色切片中，正常组大鼠下颌下腺内肥大细胞呈圆形、卵圆形及不规则形，细胞内异染颗粒密集，平均肥大细胞数为6.55±4.02个／HP。实验组大部分肥大细胞内颗粒稀疏，有脱颗粒现象，平均更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives ①To observe the histology and ultrastructure changes in submandibular glands of diabetic rats. ②To observe the changes of morphology and amounts of mast cells in submandibular glands of diabetic rats.③To study the changes of leptin and its receptor expression in submandibular glands of diabetic rats.④To explore the relations and significances between these changes and diabetic pathological processes. Methods 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group、 4W and 12W experimental group and 4W、 12W treatmental group, 10 rats in every group. Diabetic rats were induced by injection of streptozotocin into peritoneal cavity . After 4W and 12 W,rats were killed for assaying blood sugar and weight and got submandibular glands tissue for: ①Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining; ②observation through transmission electron microscope(TEM); ③Toluidine Blue (TB) staining; ④immunohistochemical SABC staining; ⑤computer imaging analysis. Results ①Compared with the blood sugar (7.23±0.84 mmol/L) and weight (305.50±34.67 g) in normal groups, the blood sugar (27.79±9.28 mmol/L)、 (23.31±6.81 mmol/L) elevated and weight (283.67±16.45 g) 、 (156.50±10.13 g) decreased markedly in 4W and 12W experimental groups, the difference was highly significant (P<0.01);in 4W and 12W treatmental groups, the difference was not significant.②HE staining showed that the acinus cells of submandibular glands were normal, acinus average perimeter was 363.99±21.85mm in normal groups.At the same time granular convoluted tubule (GCT) average diameter was 137.28±7.52mm, epithelium was full and acidophilia secretory granules were in cytoplasm of GCT cells,besides the cell nucleus was round.Acinus average perimeter was332.54±15.65mm, GCT average diameter was 86.38±4.40mm, secretory granules decreased in 4 W diabetes rats.Whereas the whole gland presented obviously atrophic and the components of connective tissue increased in12W, acinus average perimeter was 269.29±17.75mm,the GCT average diameter was 71.82±5.49mm.The date of treatmental groups matched normal groups.③Under TEM, the ultrastructures of rats’ submandibular glands in normal group were normal,While a series of pathologic changes were found in experimental group.The cell nucleus mainly appeared更多还原