靖国神社与战后日本首相参拜要因探析

【作者】 陈刚；

【导师】 徐万胜；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军外国语学院 ， 国际政治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪以来,由于日本首相小泉纯一郎连续参拜供奉有甲级战犯的靖国神社,从而引发中日两国在历史认识问题上的分歧,已经严重损害了中日两国和平友好发展的政治基础,给两国间正常的政治、经济和文化交流带来巨大的负面影响,中日关系陷入了自双方建交以来的最低谷。本文以考察战后日本首相参拜靖国神社问题的历史演变为切入点,从日本政治思潮、政治力量对比、政治过程、对外战略以及民族文化等各个视角对战后靖国神社问题形成的根源进行剖析,并结合近年来日本国内外政治、经济、安全形势,从理论上剖析小泉首相参拜靖国神社的动机和意图,预测靖国神社问题的走向,从中寻找解决问题的途径与方法。本文第一章主要从历史和理论的角度介绍靖国神社产生与发展的过程,详细论述它与近代天皇制、国家神道之间的复杂关系,并对靖国神社在日本近代战争中的地位与作用做出客观评析。第二章主要采用历史叙事的方法,从时间顺序的角度对战后日本首相参拜靖国神社问题的历史演变进行概述,对靖国神社问题的历史演变做了合理的阶段划分,并对各个时期日本首相参拜行为的特点与争议点做出了较为详细的阐述。第三章主要从日本政治思潮、政治力量对比、政治过程、对外战略以及民族文化等各个视角,综合历史学、政治学和社会学等各种方法,力图对战后靖国神社问题形成的根源进行剖析。第四章主要是结合冷战后日本国内外政治、经济、安全形势的新变化,在前章理论分析的基础上剖析小泉首相参拜靖国神社的动机和意图,预测靖国神社问题的走向,并考察靖国神社问题所造成的影响以及现阶段解决靖国神社问题的途径。从整体上看,本文是按照考察战后日本首相参拜靖国神社问题形成、发展、演变的逻辑顺序展开的,重点探讨了战后靖国神社问题的形成根源,同时结合新时期日本国内外出现一些新动态,从理论上剖析了小泉首相参拜靖国神社的动机和意图。其中,笔者认为,战后靖国神社问题的形成与发展固然有日本特有的民族思想、宗教文化等因素在起作用,但更重要的还是缘于战后日本政局持续保守化等政治因素所致。战后日本首相参拜靖国神社的主要目的在于,谋求日本国内政坛右翼势力支持,巩固自己与自民党的执政基础;同时甩掉战败国的历史“包袱”,为早日实现“政治大国”的国家目标服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the arrival of the 21 century, the Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi insists on praying at the Yasukuni Shrine, and cause dispute between China and Japan on the historical problem, which has made harm to the political basis for the relationship development of the two countries. This paper investigates the historical evolvement of the problem of the Japanese Prime Minister’s praying at the Yasukuni Shrine, and analyzes source for the post-WWII“Yasukuni Shrine problem”from Japanese political thoughts, comparison of political power, political system, foreign strategy, and national culture. On the basis of Japanese politics, economy, and security situation, this paper examines the motivation and intention of Koizumi’s praying at the Yasukuni Shrine, predicts the future development of this problem and the way to resolve this problem.Chapter 1 introduces the development of the Yasukuni Shrine from historical and theoretical perspectives, and gives a detailed description to its complex relationship with Japan’s Tenno system in modern times and the State Shintoism. It also offers an objective comment on the status and effects of the Yasukuni Shrine in the modern war of Japan. In Chapter 2, the historical development of Koizumi’s praying at the Yasukuni Shrine is summarized and divided into several stages. Then the characteristics as well as disputed issues of the praying by prime ministers are detailed in this chapter. Chapter 3 makes use of various methods such as history, politics and sociology to analyze the origin of the post-WWII issue of the Yasukuni Shrine from the perspectives of political trend of thoughts in Japan, comparison of political powers, political system, foreign strategy as well as national culture. Based on the theoretical analysis in last chapter, Chapter 4 analyzes the motivation and intention of Koizumi’s praying at the Yasukuni Shrine in combination with changes in domestic as well as foreign situations of politics, economics and safety. It also predicts the tendency of the issue of Yasukuni Shrine and examines the influence caused by the issue as well as the approaches to the issue at the present time.Though the unique national mentality and the elements, such as religion and culture, contribute to the emergence and development of the post-WWII“Yasukuni Shrine issue”,更多还原