【作者】 李兆进；

【导师】 陆升汉；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 跳远的起跳是跳远技术中的重要组成部分,而助跑是跳远技术的关键环节,而助跑最后两步是助跑向起跳的过渡,在跳远技术中起到承上启下的作用。本文以参加2004年“菲普莱”全国田径大奖赛系列赛——(南京站)的部分优秀女子跳远运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料、影片拍摄解析、数理统计和对比分析等研究方法,除对我国女子跳远运动员助跑最后两步以及起跳时段中的传统指标进行分析外,还引入了近几年新运用的蹬伸时间指数、水平速度转化率、起蹬夹角等运动学指标,对我国部分优秀女子跳远运动员助跑最后两步及起跳技术的有关运动学特征进行研究,得出以下结论:1. 6名研究对象采用倒二步大于倒一步的上板方式,但助跑最后两步的节奏衔接还存在不足,两步步长和差值与世界优秀选手存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01);6名研究对象助跑最后两步步速明显低于世界优秀选手。2. 6名研究对象T2的比率较少(30.8%),说明了她们下肢专项力量能力不够;蹬伸时间指数和水平速度转化率更能准确的评价起跳效果。3. 6名研究对象存在起跳腿着地角较小(57.988±2.856)、起跳扇面角(47.426±4.731)大的现象,她们的起蹬夹角与公认的7~0-15~0相差不大,有利于起跳腿开始蹬伸和创造较佳的身体重心腾起角。4. 6名研究对象比较重视起跳瞬间垂直速度的作用,能够利用腾起垂直速度创造较佳的水平速度转化率和身体重心腾起角,但能否在高速助跑起跳的前提下仍然保证这种优势尚需进一步的研究。5. 6名研究对象着板瞬间两大腿夹角较大(平均为54.020),说明她们在上板前摆动腿蹬伸动作不充分,蹬伸后向前摆动的时机晚,速度慢,幅度小,摆动不够积极,影响身体重心的快速前移。6. 6名研究对象助跑最后两步重心高度波动较大,所以,对最后一步身体重心水平速度损失值、踏板速度、起跳腾起垂直速度和腾起角等参数不利,在跑跳结合的关键时刻尤为突出。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the long jump, take-off is the main component and run-up is the key. The last two strides are transitional point that functions as the connecting link between the preceding and the following during the whole process of long jump.The subjects wereélete women long jumpers who participated in“Fei Pu Lai National Athletics Championship Series of 2004”, which was held in Nanjing area. The research methods were use of literature, film shooting analysis, statistical analysis and comparison. In addition to the analysis of the last two strides and traditional index, an application of new kinematics index was introduced, including the stretch time index, the conversion of horizontal velocity, and the angle of starting stretch. According to the data analysis, the conclusions were drawn and presented in the following:1. Six athletes thrust the ban by way of the last second stride instead of the last stride, however, the connection of the last two strides of run-up was not adept, the whole length and the difference of the two strides were significantly varied from athletes abroad （P<0.01）, and also the speed of the last two strides of run-up was much slower than that of athletes abroad.2. The ratio of T₂ was 30.8% which indicated six athletes’lower limbs were not powerful; the stretch time index and the conversion of horizontal velocity were more suitable to evaluate the effect of take-off.3. It could be found that the angle of thrust was much smaller（57.988±2.856）and the angle of hip was much larger（47.426±4.731）; the angle of starting stretch was not widely different from the acknowledged norm （7⁰-15⁰）, which was favorable to the stretch of the take-off leg and the take-off angle of body’s center of gravity.4. Six athletes attached more importance to the instantaneous upright velocity of更多还原