【作者】 贾春云；

【导师】 魏德洲； 朱一民；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着矿产资源的不断开发利用，以贫、细、杂为突出特点的难处理矿石所占的比例不断上升，致使矿物加工领域面临的挑战日趋严峻，而且较多药剂的使用还会污染环境。在此背景下应运而生的资源微生物技术为解决矿产资源领域中所存在的问题提供了新途径。资源微生物技术经历了近40年的发展，无论在基础研究还是实际应用方面都取得了令人瞩目的成就。 已进行的关于微生物在矿物表面吸附的研究，大多数是为了探讨生物湿法冶金过程中的作用机制而进行的，研究的主要内容是影响细菌吸附量的因素、细菌吸附量与浸出效果的关系以及发生吸附后的宏观效果，很少关注吸附的选择性。鉴于以上情况，本文着重研究了草分枝杆菌在黄铁矿和闪锌矿表面的吸附规律。试验结果表明： 1．草分枝杆菌在黄铁矿和闪锌矿表面可发生明显的选择性吸附，在黄铁矿表面的最大吸附率可达到96.75％，而在闪锌矿表面的吸附率大都在20％以下；产生选择性吸附的条件：C_矿浆＞6g／L，C_{细胞悬浊液}在0.5～4g／L之间，pH＞4，温度对吸附效果影响不大，pH值是影响草分枝杆菌在黄铁矿和闪锌矿表面选择性吸附的主要因素； 2．以目的矿物对草分枝杆菌进行驯化，可相应提高草分枝杆菌细胞在该矿物表面的吸附率，并且驯化后的草分枝杆菌在黄铁矿和闪锌矿表面吸附的选择性有所增强；在C_矿浆＞5g／L，C_{细胞悬浊液}在0.5～4g／L之间，pH＞5.41的条件下，驯化草分枝杆菌在黄铁矿和闪锌矿表面的吸附产生明显的选择性； 3．在各种试验因素条件下，草分枝杆菌与黄铁矿的结合能力很强，对闪锌矿却没有较好的吸附效果，可见，矿物表面性质的差异才是产生选择性吸附的重要因素； 4．在pH=6.5～10时，通过草分枝杆菌的预处理，用黄药作捕收剂，闪锌矿的回收率明显高于黄铁矿； 借助扫描电镜、电位测定、红外光谱等手段，初步探讨了草分枝杆菌与黄铁矿、闪锌矿表面的吸附机理，得出：草分枝杆菌细胞外膜结构、矿物表面是发生吸附的主要部位。草分枝杆菌和这两种矿物之间的吸附方式包括表面吸附、静电吸附、表面配位吸附。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the continuous exploitation and utilization of mineral resource, the proportion of unwieldiness ores with deficient, poor and complicated character is rising day and day. As a result, the mineral processing fields face serious challenge, and using more medicaments will pollute environment. Under these circumstances, microbial technology to resources emerges as the times require, which provides a new way to solve the problem of mineral resources utilization. After developing for nearly forty years, microbial technology to resources has gained great achievement in basal research and practical application.The research about bacteria adsorbing on the surface of mineral that has been carried out, is mainly to discuss the function mechanism in the progress of biohydrometallurgy. The main content are factors influencing the adsorbing biomass, the relationship of the adsorbing biomass and bioleaching effect, and the macroscopic effect after adsorption, but seldom pays close attention to the selectivity in the progress of adsorption. Considering above problems, the paper mainly study the adsorption regularity of Mycobacterium Phlei on the surfaces of pyrite and sphalerite. The results show that:1. the selective adsorption of Mycobacterium Phlei on the surfaces of pyrite and sphalerite is obvious, and maximum adsorption rate on the surface of pyrite is 96.75%, whereas less than 20% to sphalerite; the conditions of showing selective adsorption are mineral slurry concentration over 6g/L, bacterium density between 0.5 and 4g/L and pH over 4.95. Temperature has little effect, and pH value is the key factor influencing Mycobacterium Phlei on the surfaces of pyrite and sphalerite;2. domesticating Mycobacterium Phlei by destination mineral can improve its adsorption on this mineral, and the selective adsorption of domesticated Mycobacterium Phlei on the surface of pyrite and sphalerite becomes more obvious. Under the conditions of mineral slurry concentration over 5g/L, bacterium density between 0.5 and 4g/L and pH over 4.95, the selective adsorption of domesticated Mycobacterium Phlei on the surfaces of pyrite and sphalerite is obvious;3. under the conditions of every experimental factors, the binding energy of更多还原