【作者】 谷妮娜；

【导师】 徐新阳；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国内石油工业的迅猛发展，石油勘探开发活动增多，所产生的含油废水也随之增加，而传统的处理技术在含油废水的深化处理上仍存在着许多不足之处，如物理法占地面积大，成本高，油去除率低；化学法会产生二次污染；传统的生物法菌体易脱落，微生物不易重复利用等。因此，探索新型高效的处理技术迫在眉睫。近几年，人们采用固定化技术，将微生物通过一定的技术手段（如利用载体材料、包埋物质或合理控制水力条件等）使微生物固着生长，有利于去除油类、氮、有机物或难以生物降解物质，提高系统的处理能力和适应性，是一项高效低耗、运行管理简单的有前途的生物处理技术。 微生物固定化技术作为新兴的污水生物处理技术，已经在处理各种难降解有机废水领域得到了广泛的应用，由于石油是由脂肪烃、芳香烃及少量沥青和其他有机物所组成。鉴于微生物降解有机污染物本质的一致性，将固定化技术推广到处理含油废水领域在理论上是可行的，同时也具有一定的实际意义。 本文以处理盘锦某沥青厂二级气浮后含油废水为处理目标，有针对性的分离筛选了四株对油类和含油废水中COD有高效降解作用的细菌作为目标菌株，进行了系统的包埋固定化工艺研究，并通过实验室模拟实验，考察了固定化菌剂对含油废水中COD的去除能力。 首先，从盘锦某沥青厂被稠油污染的土壤和该厂曝气池内的活性污泥中分离筛选出四株对油类和COD具有高效降解作用的细菌：TA-11、TA-17、HA-9和HD-1。通过高含油量驯化，为固定化提供目标微生物。 然后，通过载体的筛选和配方的优化，系统研究了PVA-Na·Alg包埋固定化技术，并对固定化过程参数进行了优化。同时通过测试机械强度、弹性、渗透性、密度等指标，考察了固定化菌剂的物理性质。结果表明，固定化菌剂具有高机械强度，良好的弹性和渗透性。包埋固定化工艺对四株目标菌剂均有较好的固定效果，增殖培养后细菌数量在10¹²-10¹³数量级之间，固定化菌剂具有较高的细菌密度。 进而，在实验室模拟水平上，系统研究了固定化菌剂对含油废水的处理效果。考察了固定化菌剂接种量、曝气强度、温度、pH值、联合使用、添加营养素等因更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of oil industry, oil explorations were increased. So theoil wastwater was discharged increasingly. Now there are many shortcomings intraditional dispose technology. Physics method need large fields, expensive expenses.Its removal rate of oil is also very low. Chemistry method will result secondarypollutions. Traditional biologic method have some insufficiency, for example itsbacteriums can fall off easily and the reuse of bacteriums is a little difficult etc. It isnecessary to explore a new and superior efficient dispose technics. In recents, peoplebegin to adopt Immobilized Microbo (IM) technics. IM can make microbe living inimmobilized products by some technical ways. It is benefic to removal oil, N, organicmatter, etc. of wastewater and improve disposal ability and adaptability of disposesystem. Therefore, IM is a new biologic technics, with high effucuebcy, low consumesand simple management.Four kinds of target bacteria which can degrade oil and COD of oil wastewater were separated and screened from out regarding to dispose the oil wastewater of Panjin Pitch Manufactory as the main disposal goal in this paper. Chemistry embedding immobilization technics were systematically studied in this papa. Laboratory simulative experiment indicates that the immobilized products can degraded COD of oil wastewater efficiently.First, four kinds of bacteria, named TA-11, TA-17, HA-9, HD-1, which can degrade oil and COD of oil wastewater were separed and screened out from the oil contaminated soil and biochemical pool of Panjin Pitch Manufactor. Through high oil domestications, target bacteria were offered for immobilization.Secondly, PVA-Na · Alg embedding immobilization technics were systematically studied through carrier selections and prescription optimizations. And parameters for immobile process were optimized. Immobilized products’physical characters were analyzed through testing mechanical intensity, elasticity, slow-released ability and some更多还原