【作者】 时号；

【导师】 蒋国芳；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 凤蝶总科Papilionoidea隶属于鳞翅目Lepidoptera双孔次亚目Ditrysia。它们分布极为广泛并且具有较强的观赏性，所以一直以来被人们加以广泛的研究。风蝶总科昆虫的科级分类一直是一个存在争议的问题，也是鳞翅目昆虫系统发育研究中的一个热点。在蛱蝶科的分类地位上，国外学者所认可的蛱蝶科包含了中国分类学者所划定的眼蝶科、环蝶科和珍蝶科等；凤蝶科中绢蝶亚科的单系性一直以来都备受争议。分子生物学技术的发展，为我们研究蝴蝶的系统学提供了重要手段。我们通过分子系统学的研究，可以明确各分类阶元之间的进化关系，对一些有争议物种的分类地位确立以及相关物种的系统地理探讨；运用线粒体基因和核基因序列相结合起来研究生物的系统发育是分子系统学领域的一种必然发展趋势，它可以为我们解决蝶类分类问题提供分子上的证据。我国学者一般基于形态学特征将国内凤蝶总科分为11个科。但此分类系统与国外学者用的分类系统差别较大，因此我们从分子水平上探讨了凤蝶总科的系统发育关系，以为完善凤蝶总科分类系统提供一些必需的分子证据。 我们用相对比较保守的16S rDNA片段序列来探讨凤蝶总科之间的系统发育关系。用直纹稻弄蝶和曲纹袖弄蝶作外群构建系统发生树，NJ、MP、和ML树均得出凤蝶总科的个体明显地区分于弄蝶总科；蚬蝶科、粉蝶科和灰蝶科的个体分别聚在一起。眼蝶科、环蝶科、珍蝶科、喙蝶科和蛱蝶科的个体聚在一起；凤蝶科和绢蝶科的个体相互聚在一起，这说明凤蝶科和蛱蝶科都不是单系群；根据一些形态的特征(后翅中室以及后翅眼点)和系统树的拓扑结构，可以得出眼蝶和环蝶具有比较近的系统关系。 目前蛱蝶科各亚科之间的关系还尚未定论，因而我们测定了蛱蝶科22个个体的线粒体Cyt b基因部分序列。比较其同源性，计算核苷酸使用频率，并构建MP和贝叶斯分子系统树。在获得的699bp的序列中A、T、C和G碱基含量分别为33.0％、43.4％、14.8％和8.7％，A+T平均含量高达76.4％。研究结果表明，朴喙蝶及此属的其它物种应以喙蝶亚科的形式存在于蛱蝶科中，而丝蛱蝶属及相关的属应从线蛱蝶亚科中独立出来，形成一个独立的亚科。更多还原

【Abstract】 The butterfly Papilionoidea is one of members of Ditrysia (Insecta: Lepid(optera). It is highly successful in research because butterflies of the superfamily are nearly cosmopolitan in distribution and are beautiful. The classification of Papilionoidea has been a controversial issue for a long time and is a research hotspot of Chinese scholars. On the taxonomic position of the family Nymphalidae, approbatory Nymphalidae by foreign scholars includes the families Satyridae, Amathusiidae and Acraeidae and so on according to Chinese scholars. The monophyly of the Parnassiinae is disputable too. Modern molecular technology provides us new approach for studying systematics of butterflies. Based on it, we can clarity the evolutionary status of some taxa of butterflies, confirm the status of some controversial species and phylogeography of some related species. It is becoming a trend that organism phylogenetic analyses are based on combination of mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes, and it can provide us some molecular evidence to resolve the classification of butterflies. According to Chinese scholars, there are 11 families in China. This taxonomic system is very different from the one used widespreadly by foreign scholars. In order to provide enough proofs for improving system of Papilionoidea, molecular markers are employed in this study to reconstruct the phylogeny of papilionoidea.We use Notocrypta curvifascia and Parnara guttata as outgroup species to construct phylogenetic trees. The NJ, MP and ML trees show that species in the Papilionoidea formed a different clade from those of the Hesperoidea. In-groups form 3 lineages: Riodinidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae. The traditional nymphalid subfamilies Nymphalinae, Libytheinae, Satyrinae, Morphinae, and Heliconiinae and those of Papilioninae and Pamassiinae formed two mixed clusters. These phylogenetic trees do not support that the Nymphalidae and Papilionoidae is a monophyletic group respectively. Based on some morphological characters (i.e. closed hindwing discoidal cell and hindwing ocelli) together with the phylogenetic更多还原