论八十年代以来女性小说的母性言说

【作者】 仲玲；

【导师】 王文胜；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在传统的男权话语系统中，母亲身上的道德完美性被刻意强调，母性中的牺牲、奉献精神被推崇到极至，母亲神圣的地位不可撼动。古往今来的文学作品对母性的书写也多是赞扬和歌颂的。 但是，在八十年代以来的女性小说中，女作家们对母性的书写表现出一种明显的反母性神圣的意识：在她们笔下母亲不再仅仅是慈祥、宽容、无私的形象，她也有令人触目惊心的丑陋、变态与残忍，也有着再正常不过的世俗需要。母女之间的关系也不再融洽，取而代之的是二者之间的紧张与对峙，成长中的女儿对异化了的母亲的恐惧和逃离。然而，在反母性神圣的同时，这些女作家的小说同样也表达了对传统母性的赞美与追寻：她们在塑造反传统母亲形象的同时也塑造了传统的母亲形象，在表现母女紧张对峙的关系的同时也描写了她们之间的温馨之情，在书写女性对被动生育的厌恶的同时又对女性自主自觉的生命创造活动予以深情的礼赞。这种奇怪的现象的出现决不是偶然发生的，它是女性纠葛的社会现实处境与中国女性沉重的文化传统在八九十年代这一特殊的历史阶段遇合缠绕的产物。从某种程度上来说，八十年代以来女作家小说的母性书写突破了男权的审美规范，塑造了母亲作为人的形象，表达出女作家们对男权文化对女性形象臆造的反叛和对女性自身文化痼疾的深刻自审与自省。 然而，不论是以肯定传统母性来解除自我特制确立上的困惑，还是以否定母性神话来助长自我人格的凸现与提升，八十年代女作家们的母性书写在推翻旧价值体系的同时，却没能建立起一套新的价值体系。换句话说，八十年代以来女作家小说中的母亲找不到自己的角色坐标，也无法对自己的社会价值做出评判，更难以确定自我的价值标准，最终陷入了一种存在主义的空虚。更多还原

【Abstract】 In traditional patriarchal discourse system , the image of mothers are deliberately emphasized and admired in terms of ethical perfection and self-sacrifice so mothers’ sacred positions are ever unshakable Literary works of all ages glorify and praise the depiction of maternal characters However feminist novels since 1980s has displayed one kind of obvious counter-maternal sacred consciousness In their writing mother no longer is merely gentle, tolerant , the selfless image but is ugly ,abnormal and cruel and has wordly needs as well The relation between mother and daughter is intense and confronting each other instead of harmonious which means the growing daughter’s fear and escape from the disassamination of motherhood Nevertheless ,while these women writers’ novels focus on counter-motherhood sacredness ,they also eulogized trditional motherhood While they expressed the tense relationship between mother and daughter they also depicted their gentle feelings , While they wrote about female passive birth loathing they also praised feminine birth-giving .The appearance of such strange phenomenon is chancy It s the intertwisted product of the entangling social realistic situation in this special historical period of the 80s and 90s To a certain extent ,women writers since 80s have broken through patriarchal taste standard and molded mother as common people ,expressed their rebellion against fabricated mother-image in patriarchal culture and their own self-examination and introspection However, the women writers affirm traditional maternal characters to subvert male domination and solve their perplexity in face of self-identification, or how they negate maternal legend for self-improvement, they fail to set up a set of new value system although they have overthrown the old one. In other words ,maternal figure in these feminist writings lack self-identity so that they can’t evaluate their social values It is even more difficult for these female characters to assert their self-value so , in the end ,this leads to formalist nihility in feminist writings更多还原