抗战时期沦陷区的戏曲研究

【作者】 管尔东；

【导师】 经盛鸿；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 专门史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 戏曲是我国的民族瑰宝，艺术珍品。自古以来，在梨园舞台上，人们就演绎着悲欢离合种种故事，抒发着喜怒哀乐各自心声。然而，在抗日战争这样一个特殊的时期，尤其是在被敌人占领、奴役的沦陷区，戏台上下所演绎的内容、展现的情境都已与过去大相径庭。但就是在这特殊年代所上演的特殊戏文之中，我们却可以洞悉日寇罄竹难书的罪恶、汉奸摇尾乞怜的卑劣、志士抗敌爱国的坚决、国人期盼和平的殷切，以及中华民族不屈不挠、不畏强暴的气节和精神。 在沦陷区，侵略者一方面烧杀抢掠，大肆破坏我国的文化和艺术。其对剧本进行查禁，对剧场实行弹压，对爱国艺人的演出更是残酷地压迫和限制。但另一方面，他们又企图利用戏曲来作为他们巩固统治、奴化民众的工具。其强迫艺人演出来营造虚假的繁荣，编演反动剧目来毒害人们的思想。然而，就是在这样恶劣的环境之中，敌人的屠刀之下，梨园界的爱国艺人们或息影罢演、或编戏抗敌，以自己的绵薄之力表达了作为中国人的顽强斗志和不屈精神。在他们的努力之下，日伪利用梨园的企图被挫败，抗日救国的思想得到传播，我国的戏曲艺术也没有因战火而消亡，而是获得了进一步的传承和发展。 本文试图通过对日伪在沦陷区限制、利用戏曲的各种政策进行阐述和分析，来揭示日本侵略者的残酷和罪恶，以及他们实施文化侵略的手段和实质；通过探讨、研究戏曲艺人当时在沦陷区的悲惨遭遇，及其中进步人士所开展的抗敌斗争和挽救戏曲的种种努力，来展现抗战时期梨园界的气节和风貌、寻究我国戏曲经浩劫而不灭的主要缘由。希望其能够对我国现今的文化安全和戏曲振兴有一些启示和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drama is part of the national costume of China. From time immemorial, people have played all kinds of stories on the stage. Through this, they express their respective aspirations. However, The War of Resistance against Japan changed everything. Especially in the occupied areas, the content of Chinese operas and the situation of society were different than before. From these special performances, we can discern the loathsome crimes of Japanese invaders, the effrontery of traitors, the Chinese heroes’ resolution of resisting the enemies, the enormous desire to peace of innocent people and the perseverance of Chinese nationality.In the occupied areas, the aggressors set fire, killed person, robbed things and wrecked our culture and art seriously. They banned many plays and supervised actors’ performance. The patriotic artists were persecuted and repressed brutally. But on the other hand, the Japanese fascists also took Chinese operas as a tool of their reactionary governance and propaganda. To make false prosperity, they forced actors to perform. And they also wrote many pernicious plays to pollute people’s will. However, just in such hard circumstances, the patriotic artists still showed their perseverance and fighting spirit through strike or writing progressive plays. Because of their great efforts, the enemies’ attempts were limited, the patriotic thought was propagated, and the Chinese operas also were developed and popularized instead of being perished.So through this dissertation, I attempt to study the invaders’ policy on limiting or using Chinese operas to show the cruelty and sins of these Japanese robbers and find the substance of their cultural invasion. And this paper also recounts the artists’ miserable life and their struggle with enemies. Through these, I try to manifest the perseverance of those patriotic artists and explain why Chinese operas didn’t be perished by the war. And I also hope this thesis can give some enlightenment to today’s cultural safety and tell people how to revive the art of Chinese operas.更多还原