城市空气离子浓度的时空变化特征及其与环境因子的相关关系

【作者】 王珩；

【导师】 于金莲；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 空气负离子被喻为空气“维生素”，对人体健康有利，其浓度水平已成为评价一个区域空气清洁程度的指标。本文以上海城市徐汇区为例，研究了城市不同功能区典型下垫面的空气离子浓度的时空变化特征及其与环境因子的相关关系。空气离子观测实验从2004年8月至2006年3月，2年的时间内系统的观测了上海城市园林绿化区、居住区、文教区和道路交通区典型下垫面在春、夏、秋、冬四季的空气离子浓度和下垫面三维绿量、大气可吸入颗粒物浓度(PM₁₀)、太阳辐射量、温度、湿度和风速等环境因子，分析了空气离子浓度的日变化特征、季节变化特征、年变化特征、随空间变化的特征以及空气离子与环境因子的相关关系。 研究结果表明：城市典型功能区典型下垫面空气离子浓度日变化明显，小负离子浓度的峰值出现在10点左右和15点至16点，低值出现在早晚上下班高峰时段，小正离子浓度的峰值为8点至9点、12点至13点和15点至16点；低值出现在17点至18点；空气大离子浓度的峰值出现在人为活动最为活跃的9点至13点时段，低值出现在人为活动较弱的15点至16点。城市典型功能区空气离子浓度季节分布差异显著，空气小离子浓度夏季最高，冬季最低，春秋季次之；空气大离子浓度冬春季较高，夏秋季较低。城市一年中空气离子浓度的年变化特征明显，其中小正离子夏季平均值为440个／cm³，冬季平均值为330个／cm³，年变幅为240个／cm³；小负离子夏季平均值为451个／cm³，冬季平均值为277个／cm³，年变幅为174个／cm³。两年间空气离子浓度变化较明显，其中小正离子浓度05年比04年增加了193个／cm³，小负离子浓度增加了200个／cm³；大正离子浓度05年比04年减少了159个／cm³，大负离子浓度减少了147个／cm³。 城市各功能区空气离子浓度差异明显，园林绿化区的小负离子浓度最大，道路交通区最小，居住区和文教区相当；道路交通区的小正离子浓度最大，园林绿化区最低，居住区和文教区相当。道路交通区的大正离子浓度最大，园林绿化区最小，居住区和文教区相当；道路交通区的大负离子浓度最大，园林绿化区最小，居住区和文教区相当。城市不同功能区不同下垫面结构的空气离子浓度存在较大差异，空气大离子浓度依次为不透水下垫面＞草坪单层结构下垫面＞灌草双层结构更多还原

【Abstract】 Air negative-ion is praised as air vitamin, and it is of advantage to man’s health. Air negative-ion concentration has been an important index in evaluating cleanness of the area air. The paper took Xuhui district of Shanghai for example, studied the temporal-spatial variety characteristic of air-ion concentration, and the correlativity between air-ion concentration and environmental factors on typical ground in different urban function-area. There were many factors such as air-ion, green-quantity, PM10, solar radiant, temperature, humidity and wind speed of each season in urban garden, and in habitation, and in campus, and in traffic road were observed by the experiment during Aug-2004 to Mar-2006. Further, the daily variety characteristic of air-ion concentration, and seasonal variety characteristic, and annual variety characteristic, and spatial variety characteristic, and correlativity between it and environmental factors were analyzed.It was showed that the air-ion concentration changed obviously on a typical ground during a day. The maximal concentration of small air-ion appeared at 1 PM. and the Min. appeared in traffic fastigium. And maximal concentration of big air-ion appeared at 9 AM. to 13 PM. and the Min. appeared in3 to 4 PM. The results showed that the air-ion concentration changed obviously on a typical ground over a year. The small air-ion concentration was highest in summer, and lowest in winter, and less higher in spring and autumn. The big air-ion concentration in winter and spring was higher than in summer and autumn. It was showed that the annual variety characteristic of air-ion concentration was obvious. The average value in summer and winter of small positive-ion were 440 and 330 respective, so the annual variety was 240; the average value in summer and winter of small negative-ion were 451 and 277 respective, so the annual variety was 174. The air-ion concentration changed obviously between the two years, the increase quantity from 2004 to 2005 of the small positive-ion and small negative-ion concentration were 773 and 801 respective; the reduce quantity from 2004 to 2005 of the big positive-ion and big negative-ion concentration were 638 and 587 respective.The results showed that the air-ion concentration changed obviously in different urban function-area. The small negative-ion concentration was higher in garden area than in habitation, in campus, and in traffic road. The small positive-ion concentration was lower in garden area than in habitation, in campus, and in traffic road. The big更多还原