抗菌聚合物的研究

【作者】 宋治福；

【导师】 何力；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 首先，本论文对纳米二氧化硅表面接枝高分子量季铵盐的抗菌机理进行了探讨，扫描电镜观察表明：纳米二氧化硅表面接枝高分子量季铵盐抗菌过程分为吸附细菌和杀灭细菌两个步骤。 其次，在用双螺杆挤出机制备母粒时，加料速度应该控制在15r／min为宜；母粒中抗菌剂的含量应以10％为宜；纳米二氧化硅表面接枝高分子量季铵盐，最高挤出加工温度为150℃；温度越高，玻璃载银抗菌剂变色越严重；温度对纳米铈载氧化锌没有影响。 再次，在使抗菌剂向塑料制品表面迁移研究时发现：选择低塑化温度的树脂、高融熔指数的树脂及控制载体树脂和基材树脂之间的相容性可以实现抗菌剂向塑料表面迁移，但应尽量选择与基材树脂相容性较好的树脂做载体，以免影响制品的性能。 最后，用优化后的工艺制备三种抗菌剂的塑料样板，检测抗菌样板对大肠埃希氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果，结果表明：当纳米SiO₂表面接枝高分子量季铵盐在LDPE中的含量为3％时，抗菌率为99.99％：抗菌样板经高温冲刷后，抗菌效果降低2％左右；当磷酸盐玻璃载银抗菌剂在PE中的含量为1‰时，抗菌率为97％左右；当磷酸盐玻璃载银在PE中的含量为3‰时，抗菌率为100％，抗菌样板经高温冲刷后，抗菌效果降低0.5％左右；纳米铈载ZnO在PE中的含量为2‰时，抗菌率大于95％，但是抗菌剂含量的增加不能使抗菌率大于98％，抗菌样板经高温冲刷后，抗菌效果降低7％左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the first place, the antimicribal mechanism of Nano-SiO₂ Grafting with High-molecular-weight Quaternary Ammonium Salt was studied in this paper. TEM analysis showed that the sterilization process of it was composed of two steps, electrostatic interaction and cell-lysis.Next, the antimicrobial masterbatches were produced by double-screw extruders, the most appropriate speed of screw carrying resin into double-screw extruders was about 15 r/min; The best concentration of antimicrobial agent added to masterbatches was 10%; For antimicrobial Nano-SiO₂ , the appropriate extruding temperature was lower than 150℃ ; as the temperature increasing, the colour of silver-carring phosphate glasses became deepen;but the colour of zinc oxide-carring cerium didn’t change when the temperature increased.Thirdly, we found a kind of carrying resin can easily move the antimicrobial agent to the surface of matrix resin,It must has lower plasticizing temperature, higher value of melt index and poor compatibility. But carrying resin with poor compatibility can make the mechanical properties of matrix resin reduced.Finaly, the technic of preparation of resin samples with three kind of antimicrobial agents had been optimized in this paper. when 3% antimicrobial Nano-SiO₂ was added into low density polyethylene , The antimicrobial activity of these resin samples against Escherichia.Coli and Staphylococcus aureus could attach 99.99%, and the antimicrobial activity was reduced by 2% when the resin samples were placed in 55℃ water for fifteen days; If we added 1‰ silver-earring phosphate glasses into polyethylene, The antimicrobial activity of the resin samples could attach 97%, if the adding amount of the above antimicrobial agent increased to 3‰, The antimicrobial activity could attach 100%, and it had a decrease of 0.5% when the samples were placed in 55℃ water for fifteen days; when added 2‰ zinc oxide-earring cerium into polyethylene, The antimicrobial activity could attach 95%, if we added more, we couldn’t get the antimicrobial activity up to 98%, when the更多还原